Auditory Cortical Areas for Encoding and Memory

听觉皮层的编码和记忆区域

• 批准号: 7617097
• 负责人: AMY POREMBA
• 金额: $ 37.01万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-08 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7617097
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Anterior; Area; Auditory; Auditory system; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebral Dominance; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Corpus Callosum; Data; Delayed Memory; Dorsal; Fire - disasters; Frequencies; Human; Image; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Investigation; Laboratories; Language; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Left; Length; Lesion; Location; Macaca mulatta; Maps; Memory; Metabolic; Methods; Monkeys; Music; Neurons; Noise; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Process; Qualifying; Research Personnel; Role; Sampling; Stimulus; Superior temporal gyrus; Testing; Training; Voice; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; awake; insight; memory encoding; memory recognition; nerve stem cell; neural model; nonhuman primate; object recognition; paired stimuli; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Communication is of major importance to our survival and yet we do not understand how the brain encodes this information. Moreover, much of human communication and language is predicated on learning simple auditory associations. Investigating non-human primate communication and learning can provide a template for the neural precursors of language. A guiding theme of this proposal is that a testable neural model of communication, including auditory learning, memory, and object identification, will emerge most readily from focused, detailed investigations of individual neurons and their perceptual and behavioral correlates. It was found recently that the cortex of the monkey's left temporal pole in the superior temporal gyrus is specialized for processing species-specific monkey vocalizations and this lateralization of communication sounds is similar to humans. The mechanism for hemispheric specialization in this case is suppression of the right hemisphere via the corpus callosum. Building on this finding, the selectivity of auditory neurons within the temporal pole to various sound stimuli, including monkey vocalizations, will be determined. Next, we will elucidate whether auditory responsive neurons within the temporal pole respond differentially to spatial auditory information and map their location. We will also determine if the temporal pole neurons are encoding conceptual learning and delay memory. These experiments are essential to describe the role of the temporal pole in communication. Specific hypothesis concerning the neural encoding of auditory information will be tested in awake monkeys using single unit electrodes implanted in the temporal pole. All together, the experiments proposed here address basic issues in auditory processing that have not been systematically explored. It is expected that a more thorough understanding of the monkey auditory system will provide useful insights into the neural substrates and mechanisms of human communication and into the causes and treatment of learning disabilities and communicative disorders.

描述(申请人提供)：交流对我们的生存非常重要，但我们不了解大脑是如何编码这些信息的。此外，人类交流和语言的很大一部分是建立在学习简单的听觉联想的基础上的。研究非人类灵长类动物的交流和学习可以为语言的神经前体提供一个模板。这项提议的一个指导主题是，一个可测试的交流神经模型，包括听觉学习、记忆和物体识别，将最容易从对单个神经元及其感知和行为关联的集中、详细研究中出现。最近发现，猴子左侧颞叶上回的皮质专门负责处理特定物种的猴子发声，这种交流声音的偏侧化与人类相似。在这种情况下，大脑半球特化的机制是通过胼胝体抑制右侧大脑半球。在这一发现的基础上，将确定颞极内听觉神经元对各种声音刺激的选择性，包括猴子发声。接下来，我们将阐明颞极内的听觉反应神经元是否对空间听觉信息做出不同的反应并绘制它们的位置图。我们还将确定颞极神经元是否编码概念学习和延迟记忆。这些实验对于描述时间极在交流中的作用是必不可少的。关于听觉信息神经编码的具体假设将在清醒的猴子身上进行测试，方法是使用植入颞极的单一单位电极。总之，这里提出的实验解决了听觉处理中的基本问题，这些问题还没有得到系统的探索。人们期望，对猴子听觉系统的更透彻的了解将为人类交流的神经基础和机制以及学习障碍和交流障碍的原因和治疗提供有用的见解。