Preventing HIV Risk Among Adolescent Orphans in Kenya

预防肯尼亚青少年孤儿的艾滋病毒风险

• 批准号: 7554152
• 负责人: DENISE Dion HALLFORS
• 金额: $ 22.12万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-08 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7554152
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Area; Behavior; Behavior Control; Biological; Cessation of life; Child; Coitus; Communities; Contracts; Control Groups; Country; Data; Development; Disease; Education; Elderly; Elements; Enrollment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Family; Food; Foundations; Future; Gender; Goals; HIV; Healthcare; High Prevalence; Human Rights; Infection; Intervention; Interview; Kenya; Knowledge; Life; Longitudinal Surveys; Manuals; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Orphan; Outcome; Parents; Phase; Pilot Projects; Population Study; Prevalence; Process; Province; Puberty; Randomized; Research; Research Activity; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; School Enrollments; Schools; Self-Administered; Shelter facility; Site; Social Controls; Structure; Students; Supervision; Surveys; Teenagers; Testing; Time; UNICEF; USAID; Water; Youth; aged; avoidance of risky sexual behavior; base; delay sexual debut; effectiveness trial; group intervention; high risk sexual behavior; high school; informant; pandemic disease; prevent; programs; sex; sex risk; sexually active; skills; teacher; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The AIDS pandemic has led to the illness and deaths of millions of adults in severely-affected countries, and has also led to millions of orphans. Worldwide, the number of children under age 18 who have lost one or both parents to AIDS stands at more than 15 million, and estimates are that this number will surpass 25 million by 2010. The vast majority - 11 million-of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa. As orphans reach puberty, they are more likely to become sexually active, placing them at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS themselves through sexual contact. This study will extend a comprehensive intervention ("Reach Out") to a neighboring community and test whether structural support for young adolescent orphans to continue school prevents HIV risk behaviors, over and above the provision of food, safe water, and health care. The study population is the Luo ethnic group in Nyanza Province, Kenya. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the Luo is 22%, 3 times higher than in Kenya as a whole. Specific aims for the proposed study are as follows: 1) To extend the Reach Out intervention to a neighboring community and test whether the school support elements delay sexual debut and prevent sexual risk behaviors, using an experimental design; and 2) To conduct a process evaluation of the extension of Reach Out and prepare a manual for further testing and replication. In order to test the effects of the school component on HIV prevention, 100 orphans, aged 13-14, will be randomized to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive the full Reach Out model; the control group will receive food and other basic needs, but not school support. Students will respond to a self administered longitudinal survey (Aim 1); Reach Out staff and other community informants will respond to qualitative interviews (Aim 2). Research activities will be jointly conducted by U.S. and Kenyan collaborators. The pilot study will provide a strong foundation for a larger replication and experimental testing of the Reach Out model for the prevention of HIV among orphans in other areas of Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa.

描述（由申请人提供）：艾滋病大流行已导致受艾滋病影响的国家数百万成年人患病和死亡，并导致数百万孤儿。在全世界，父母一方或双方死于艾滋病的18岁以下儿童人数超过1 500万，估计到2010年这一数字将超过2 500万。这些儿童中的绝大多数（1 100万）生活在撒哈拉以南非洲。随着孤儿进入青春期，他们更有可能变得性活跃，从而使他们自己有可能通过性接触感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病。这项研究将扩大一个全面的干预（“伸出手”），以邻近社区和测试是否结构性支持年轻的青少年孤儿继续上学预防艾滋病毒的危险行为，超过提供食物，安全的水，和医疗保健。研究人群为肯尼亚尼扬扎省的卢奥族。卢奥人的艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行率为22%，比整个肯尼亚高出3倍。本研究的具体目的如下：1）将Reach Out干预扩展到邻近社区，并使用实验设计测试学校支持元素是否延迟初次性行为和预防性风险行为; 2）对Reach Out的扩展进行过程评估，并编写手册以供进一步测试和复制。为了检验学校部分对艾滋病毒预防的影响，100名13 - 14岁的孤儿将被随机分配到干预组和对照组。干预组将接受全面的Reach Out模式;对照组将获得食物和其他基本需求，但不提供学校支持。学生将回答一个自我管理的纵向调查（目标1）;伸出工作人员和其他社区线人将回答定性访谈（目标2）。研究活动将由美国和肯尼亚合作者联合进行。这项试点研究将为在肯尼亚和撒哈拉以南非洲其他地区更大规模地推广和试验性测试"伸出援手"模式以预防孤儿感染艾滋病毒奠定坚实的基础。