COGNITIVE AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF DECISION MAKING

决策的认知和神经机制

• 批准号: 7604883
• 负责人: ANTOINE BECHARA
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2007-09-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7604883
• 关键词: Attention; Automobile Driving; Cannabis; Case Study; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Decision Making; Funding; Grant; Institution; Judgment; Knowledge; Learning; Link; Measures; Memory; Motor Vehicles; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychological Tests; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Research; Research Personnel; Residual state; Resources; Risk; Risk-Taking; Semantics; Series; Serotonin; Short-Term Memory; Source; Testing; Traffic accidents; United States National Institutes of Health; cognitive neuroscience; driving behavior; ecstasy; executive function; frontal lobe function; neuromechanism; neurotoxicity

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The overall aim of this project is to assess the neurocognitive mechanisms of judgement and decision-making that may be impaired in recreational MDMA ("Ecstasy") users, and the relationship of these defective mechanisms to the complex strategical and tactical decision-making operations needed to safely drive a motor vehicle. the widespread use of Ecstasy by young people causes concern, especially due to its associated risk of traffic accidents. Epidemiological research and case studies have shown that impaired judgement and higher risk taking are the most likely contributors to Ecstasy-related traffic accidents. Research also shows that there is a link between recreational Ecstasy use, possible serotonin neurotoxicity, decline in decision-making, impulse control, and other mechanisms of executive functions, and a potential impact on driving behavior. These problems seem to remain long after the recreational use of Ecstasy has ceased, suggesting that the neuropharmacological damage may be long lasting or permanent. Although the residual cognitive effects of Ecstasy have been studied extensively in drug free Ecstasy users, these studies have focused primarily on mechanisms of memory, divided attention, semantic recognition, verbal reasoning and learning. Very little is known about how Ecstasy impacts directly the mechanisms of judgement/decision-making, working memory, and impulse control, in abstinent users. Therefore, this study will test a series of hypotheses on cognition and driving behavior in Ecstasy users. The overall hypothesis is that recreational use of MDMA, and to a lesser extent other drugs (e.g. cannabis), will produce residual cognitive effects that in turn result in errors in judgement during the driving task. These errors in judgement are directly related to decline in specific executive functions as measured by neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functions. Elucidation of the residual effects of Ecstasy on judgement, decision-making, and impulse control has several important practical consequences, in addition to its obvious value in advancing fundamental knowledge in cognitive neuroscience.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 该项目的总体目标是评估娱乐性摇头丸（“摇头丸”）使用者可能受损的判断和决策的神经认知机制，以及这些有缺陷的机制与安全驾驶机动车辆所需的复杂战略和战术决策操作的关系。 青年人广泛使用摇头丸引起了关注，特别是由于其相关的交通事故风险。 流行病学研究和个案研究表明，判断力受损和冒险行为增加最有可能促成与迷魂药有关的交通事故。 研究还表明，娱乐性兴奋使用，可能的血清素神经毒性，决策能力下降，冲动控制和其他执行功能机制之间存在联系，并对驾驶行为产生潜在影响。 这些问题似乎在停止娱乐性使用Ecketamine后仍然存在很长时间，这表明神经药理学损害可能是长期的或永久的。 尽管在无药物的Ecketamine使用者中广泛研究了Ecketamine的残留认知效应，但这些研究主要集中在记忆、分散注意力、语义识别、言语推理和学习的机制上。 很少有人知道如何直接影响的判断/决策机制，工作记忆，冲动控制，在禁欲用户。 因此，本研究将验证一系列关于Ecketball用户认知和驾驶行为的假设。 总的假设是，娱乐性使用二亚甲基双氧安非他明，以及在较小程度上使用其他药物（例如大麻），将产生残余的认知影响，进而导致驾驶任务中的判断错误。 这些判断错误与特定执行功能的下降直接相关，这是通过额叶功能的神经心理学测试来测量的。 除了在认知神经科学的基础知识方面具有明显的价值外，阐明情绪对判断、决策和冲动控制的残余影响还具有几个重要的实际后果。