Coordinating Information in Sentence Processing

协调句子处理中的信息

• 批准号: 7628100
• 负责人: Michael Kehas Tanenhaus
• 金额: $ 32.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-24 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7628100
• 关键词: Accent; Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Brain Injuries; Communication; Comprehension; Computer Simulation; Computers; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Dimensions; Emergency Situation; Event; Eye; Eye Movements; Familiarity; Generations; Goals; Head; Hearing; Human; Impairment; Instruction; Investigation; Joints; Knowledge; Language; Linguistics; Medical; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Participant; Phonetics; Problem Solving; Process; Production; Reader; Reading; Research; Resolution; Semantics; Series; Source; Speech; Speed; System; Testing; Time; Visual; Work; base; language processing; lexical; normal aging; phrases; prototype; research study; response; syntax

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research monitors eye movements to objects in a visual workspace, which are closely time-locked to language production and comprehension, as participants perform natural tasks, such as following producing and following instructions, and conversing to solve problems using the objects. The goal is to understand how listeners coordinate linguistic and non-linguistic information as they understand language. Coordinating information is central to language comprehension because speech unfolds as a rapidly changing transient acoustic event. As a consequence, listeners encounter ambiguities at multiple levels of linguistic representation (e.g., phonetic, lexical, syntactic, semantic/discourse model, etc.). Many ambiguities are temporary in that subsequent linguistic information soon resolves the ambiguity; others are resolved by appeal to non-linguistic context-the particular circumstances under which an utterance is heard or read; others by appeal to real-world knowledge. The ambiguity problem is pervasive: even unambiguous words and phrases are temporarily ambiguous. Yet, comprehenders quickly coordinate multiple sources of information to arrive at provisional interpretations as the speech unfolds. The results of this research are used to develop and evaluate explicit mechanistic models that support real-time comprehension and can account for the major empirical phenomena. These models are essential for understanding normal comprehension and its development, developmental disabilities, and comprehension impairments that may arise from brain injury. The results and methods that arise from this investigation are also becoming increasingly relevant to informing and evaluating computer-based spoken dialog systems. These systems are beginning to find applications in health-related domains (e.g., systems that interact with humans using spoken language to answer queries) and prototypes are under development that offer advice, for example, in coordinating rapid response to medical emergencies.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究监测视觉工作空间中物体的眼球运动，当参与者执行自然任务时，这些运动与语言产生和理解密切相关，例如遵循产生和遵循指令，以及使用物体进行对话以解决问题。目标是了解听众在理解语言时如何协调语言和非语言信息。协调信息对于语言理解至关重要，因为语音是作为快速变化的瞬态声学事件展开的。 因此，听众会在语言表征的多个层面（例如，语音、词汇、句法、语义/话语模型等）遇到歧义。许多歧义都是暂时的，因为随后的语言信息很快就会解决歧义；其他问题则通过诉诸非语言环境——听到或读到话语的特定环境——来解决；其他人则通过诉诸现实世界的知识。歧义问题是普遍存在的：即使是明确的单词和短语也会暂时产生歧义。 然而，随着演讲的展开，理解者会迅速协调多个信息源以得出临时解释。 这项研究的结果用于开发和评估支持实时理解并可以解释主要经验现象的显式机制模型。 这些模型对于理解正常理解力及其发展、发育障碍以及脑损伤可能引起的理解障碍至关重要。这项研究产生的结果和方法也与通知和评估基于计算机的口语对话系统变得越来越相关。这些系统开始在健康相关领域找到应用（例如，使用口语与人类交互来回答查询的系统），并且正在开发提供建议的原型，例如协调对医疗紧急情况的快速响应。