Spinal Surgical Simulation Translational Research Using Collocated Virtual Realit

描述（由申请人提供）：我们将“加速生物医学技术的应用”（参见。NIBIB使命），将我们在模拟脑外科手术的常见形式脑室造口术中开创的并置虚拟现实和触觉技术扩展到脊柱外科手术的常见步骤椎弓根螺钉放置的新模拟器。我们将通过评估脊柱手术模拟器的真实性和教学效果来帮助“改善健康”。 提出了以下应用研究、基础研究和评估任务： 应用研究： 1.根据真实的患者CT数据创建腰椎三维模型。 2.在将探针或类似器械插入不同机械特性的人体组织或骨骼时，对外科医生的手产生触觉力反馈的模拟。 3.模拟实时骨体积移除或螺钉孔探测中的压缩。使用顶点着色器将精确的触觉力反馈与事后着色的圆柱形孔模型相结合。 4.使用六自由度（DOF）触觉机器人（以前的应用仅涉及3 DOF机器人）对来自螺孔攻丝和手动螺钉插入的扭矩反馈进行建模。 5.创建开放手术和微创手术中手术脊柱暴露的逼真3D触觉和视觉表示。在小切口入路中，通过管牵开器限制操作空间。基础研究： 6.表面变形模型建立一种新的脊柱皮肤变形模型，并将其应用于微创手术中椎弓根螺钉的经皮置入。 7.体积建模。研究将MRI数据直接转换为3D解剖模型的新方法，无需手动分割CT扫描。 8.体积移除。在切割或钻孔操作过程中模拟实时体积截骨。评估任务： 9.模拟器在模拟器上对学生进行评分，并通过学生的进步来判断其有效性。 公共卫生相关性：我们将“加速生物医学技术的应用”，将我们在模拟脑外科手术的常见形式脑室造口术中开创的并置虚拟现实和触觉技术扩展到脊柱手术的常见步骤椎弓根螺钉放置的新模拟器。我们将通过评估脊柱手术模拟器的真实性和教学效果来帮助“改善健康”。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We will "accelerate the application of biomedical technology" (cf. NIBIB mission) by extending the collocated virtual reality and haptic techniques pioneered by us in our simulation of a common form of brain surgery, ventriculostomy, to a new simulator for a common step of spinal surgery, pedicle screw placement. We will help "improve health" by evaluating the spine surgery simulator for its realism and its effectiveness in teaching. The following applied research, fundamental research and evaluation tasks are proposed: Applied Research: 1. Create a three-dimensional model of the lumbar spine based on real patient CT data. 2. Produce a simulation of haptic force feedback to the surgeon's hand upon the insertion of a probe or similar instrument through human tissue or bone of different mechanical properties. 3. Simulate real-time bone volume removal or compression in probing of a screw hole. Couple accurate haptic force feedback with an after-the-fact shaded cylindrical hole model using a vertex shader. 4. Model the torque feedback from the screw hole tapping and manual screw insertion using a six degree of freedom (DOF) haptic robot (previous applications involved only a 3 DOF robot). 5. Create realistic 3D haptic and visual representations of the surgical spinal exposures in open surgery and mini-open surgery. Limit operating space through the tube retractor in the mini-open approach. Fundamental Research: 6. Surface Deformation Model. Develop a new model for the deformability of skin over the spine and apply it to the insertion of pedicle screws through the skin in minimally invasive surgery. 7. Volumetric modeling. Investigate a new method for the direct conversion of MRI data into 3D anatomical models that does not require the manual segmentation of CT scans. 8. Volume removal. Simulate real-time volume removal of bone during cutting or drilling operations. Evaluation Tasks: 9. Simulator. Grade students on simulator and judge its effectiveness by student improvement. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We will "accelerate the application of biomedical technology" by extending the collocated virtual reality and haptic techniques pioneered by us in our simulation of a common form of brain surgery, ventriculostomy, to a new simulator for a common step of spinal surgery, pedicle screw placement. We will help 'improve health" by evaluating the spine surgery simulator for its realism and its effectiveness in teaching.