The demographic trajectory of the sex ratio in human pregnancy

人类怀孕性别比的人口统计轨迹

• 批准号: 7638623
• 负责人: Steven Orzack
• 金额: $ 7.57万
• 依托单位: FRESH POND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-15 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7638623
• 关键词: Address; Amniocentesis; Anthropology; Biological Assay; Biology; Birth; Chorionic Villi Sampling; Chromosome Segregation; Conceptions; Data; Data Analyses; Demography; Economics; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Equilibrium; Evolution; Family; Family member; Fetal Mortality Statistics; Fetus; Hormones; Human; Induced Abortion; Information Resources; Life; Medicine; Neonatal; Physiology; Population; Pregnancy; Psychology; Public Health; Publishing; Reproduction; Research; Research Project Grants; Sex Chromosomes; Sex Ratio; Social Environment; Staging; Techniques; Theoretical model; Time; United States; Variant; blastocyst; insight; interdisciplinary approach; mortality; reproductive success; sex; statistics; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite hundreds of years of speculation and well over a century of focused research, an integrated description and understanding of the sex ratio in humans remains elusive. Using techniques and approaches from demography, economics, evolutionary biology, and medicine we will 1) analyze data derived from blastocysts in order to make an unprecedented estimate of the sex ratio at a defined time just after conception, 2) analyze data from chorionic-villus sampling and from amniocentesis in order to make accurate estimates of the sex ratio at well-defined times later during pregnancy, 3) analyze all published data on the sex ratios of induced abortions as well as published data on sex- specific fetal mortality after twenty weeks of pregnancy in order to describe the trajectory of the human sex ratio from early pregnancy to the neonatal period. We will also develop theoretical models in order to understand the demographic and evolutionary dynamics and equilibria associated with sex ratio biases in human populations and in order to derive testable predictions to apply to our data. The potential usefulness of a fuller understanding of the human sex ratio is substantial. In particular, our analyses of the early trajectory of the post-conception sex ratio will provide insight into the degree to which the sex ratio at birth is determined by sex-chromosome segregation and by other influences such as hormones, which are more environmentally labile. This research project on the sex ratio in human populations is of importance to public health because it will help us understand the degree to which the sex ratio is influenced by the biology of reproduction as well as by the family and social environments. Such information is useful for greater understanding of the causes and consequences of recent demographic trends in the United States. We will bring together contributions from demography, evolutionary biology, medicine, and statistics in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the changes in the sex ratio during human pregnancy.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管有数百年的猜测和一个多世纪的集中研究，但对人类性别比例的综合描述和理解仍然难以实现。利用人口学、经济学、进化生物学和医学的技术和方法，我们将 1) 分析来自囊胚的数据，以便对受孕后特定时间的性别比例进行前所未有的估计，2) 分析绒毛膜绒毛取样和羊膜穿刺术的数据，以便准确估计妊娠后期特定时间的性别比例，3) 分析 所有已发表的关于人工流产的性别比例的数据以及已发表的关于怀孕二十周后特定性别的胎儿死亡率的数据，以描述从怀孕早期到新生儿期的人类性别比例的轨迹。我们还将开发理论模型，以了解与人口性别比例偏差相关的人口统计和进化动态以及平衡，并得出可检验的预测以应用于我们的数据。更全面地了解人类性别比例的潜在用处是巨大的。特别是，我们对受孕后性别比的早期轨迹的分析将有助于深入了解出生时性别比在多大程度上由性染色体分离和激素等对环境更不稳定的因素决定。这项关于人口性别比的研究项目对公共卫生具有重要意义，因为它将帮助我们了解生殖生物学以及家庭和社会环境对性别比的影响程度。此类信息有助于更好地了解美国近期人口趋势的原因和后果。我们将汇集人口学、进化生物学、医学和统计学的贡献，以全面了解人类怀孕期间性别比的变化。

项目成果

Resource transfers and evolution: helpful offspring and sex allocation.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2012.09.004
• 发表时间: 2013-02
• 期刊: THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Stubblefield, J. William;Orzack, Steven Hecht
• 通讯作者: Orzack, Steven Hecht

The influence of demographic stochasticity on evolutionary dynamics and stability.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2013.06.005
• 发表时间: 2013-09
• 期刊: Theoretical population biology
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: M. Shpak;S. Orzack;E. Barany

The philosophy of modelling or does the philosophy of biology have any use?

建模哲学或者生物学哲学有什么用吗？

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0265
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
• 作者: Orzack,StevenHecht