Encoding of behaviorally relevant olfactory stimuli

行为相关嗅觉刺激的编码

• 批准号: 7534012
• 负责人: Zhihua Zou
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-04 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7534012
• 关键词: Afferent Neurons; Aggressive behavior; Animal Behavior; Autistic Disorder; Beddings; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cells; Chemicals; Code; Cyclic AMP Response Element; Detection; Drug Addiction; Endocrine; FOS gene; Family; Feeding behaviors; Felis catus; Female; Food; Foxes; Fright; Future; Genes; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Human; In Situ Hybridization; Individual; Instinct; Knowledge; Label; Mammals; Maternal Behavior; Mediating; Messenger RNA; Methods; Molecular; Mus; Neural Pathways; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurons; Nose; Odorant Receptors; Odors; Olfactory Epithelium; Perception; Pheromone; Pheromone Receptors; Proteins; Receptor Signaling; Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV); Relative (related person); Reporter; Reproductive Behavior; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Role; Route; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Stereotyping; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Tissues; Transgenic Mice; Translating; Universities; laser capture microdissection; male; neural circuit; olfactory bulb; olfactory stimulus; permanent cell line; promoter; receptor; relating to nervous system; response; sex; social; vomeronasal organ

Mammals have evolved dual olfactory systems to detect a vast number of odorants as well as pheromones, and to translate chemical information into diverse perceptions and distinct behaviors. Recent studies have shown that both the main and the accessory olfactory systems are involved in detecting both general odors and pheromones, but the distinct roles of each system in mediating different olfactory behaviors remain to be characterized. In addition, despite considerable progress in understanding odor detection, sensory transduction and information coding in both systems, neither the odor stimuli that elicit distinct olfactory behaviors nor the brain neural pathways that mediate odor-specific neural and endocrine responses have been clearly defined. This proposal will develop molecular techniques to identify odorant or pheromone receptors activated by behaviorally relevant olfactory stimuli to test the hypothesis that biologically significant olfactory stimuli are detected by distinct subsets of odorant or pheromone receptors. Identification of behaviorally-activated receptors will allow future studies to: 1) screen different odor fractions and individual odor components to reveal the identity of biologically significant olfactory stimuli, 2) dissect the relative roles of the two olfactory systems in regulating specific olfactory behaviors, and 3) characterize how signals from these receptors are routed in the brain to regulate distinct behaviors. Many olfactory behaviors are robust and stereotyped, and the neural circuits mediating these behavioral responses are largely genetically determined. Knowledge of the neuronal substrates mediating these innate behaviors will aid our understanding of normal human behavior as well as neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and drug addiction.

哺乳动物已经进化出双嗅觉系统来检测大量的气味剂和信息素， 并将化学信息转化为不同的感知和独特的行为。最近的研究有 研究表明，主要嗅觉系统和辅助嗅觉系统都参与检测一般气味 和信息素，但每个系统在介导不同嗅觉行为中的不同作用仍有待确定 被表征。此外，尽管在理解气味检测方面取得了相当大的进展，但感官 两个系统中都没有转导和信息编码，也没有引起不同嗅觉的气味刺激 行为或介导气味特异性神经和内分泌反应的大脑神经通路 被明确定义。该提案将开发分子技术来识别气味或信息素 由行为相关的嗅觉刺激激活的受体来测试生物学上的假设 显着的嗅觉刺激是由气味或信息素受体的不同子集检测到的。鉴别 行为激活受体的研究将使未来的研究能够：1）筛选不同的气味成分和 单个气味成分以揭示具有生物学意义的嗅觉刺激的身份，2）剖析 两个嗅觉系统在调节特定嗅觉行为中的相对作用，以及 3）描述如何 来自这些受体的信号在大脑中传递以调节不同的行为。许多嗅觉行为 是强大的和刻板的，介导这些行为反应的神经回路很大程度上是 基因决定的。了解介导这些先天行为的神经元基质将有助于我们 了解正常人类行为以及自闭症等神经发育障碍， 精神分裂症和毒瘾。