Attention-Emotion Interactions in Psychopathy

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议项目的广泛目标是检查精神病发展和维持的风险因素，精神病是一种以慢性反社会行为（道格拉斯，文森特和伊登斯，2006），掠夺性人际特征（黑尔，2003）和不良治疗结果（哈里斯和赖斯，2006）为特征的人格障碍。本申请将测试精神病的新病因学模型，其在整合框架中重新概念化与障碍相关的注意力和情绪缺陷。具体而言，该项目将解决（1）情绪和注意力的相互作用，作为使用心理生理学测量（即，事件相关电位、肌电图），以及（2）单胺能基因作为与该障碍相关的情感反应缺陷的风险因素的潜在调节作用。这项拟议中的研究旨在通过检查刑事司法系统中高风险个体样本中精神病的生物和心理风险因素，来推进目前对该疾病的病因学概念化。将从缓刑和假释期招募的个体中收集事件相关电位、惊吓反射和遗传数据，这些个体使用精神病检查表：筛选版（哈特，考克斯，黑尔，1999）被分类为精神病特征高或低。这些测量将用于索引注意力和情绪系统的独特和交互作用，同时参与者观看与从国际情感图片系统（Lang et al.，2005年）。基于现存的文献，它是假设，结果将支持一个病因学模型的精神病，其中基因赋予风险的缺陷的情感障碍中观察到的，这与减少的注意力能力，导致精神病的特质。该项目的长期目标是提供有关精神病风险因素的数据，以用于改善对这种疾病的治疗干预。目前还没有有效的干预措施存在这种障碍（哈里斯和赖斯，2006），这可能是由于部分的事实，精神病的病因仍然不确定。公共卫生相关性缺乏有效的治疗干预已经给刑事司法系统带来了巨大的负担，因为大约20 - 30%的被监禁者是精神病患者（卢斯等人，1998年），尽管在一般人群中的患病率为1%。因此，这项研究可以在多大程度上为未来的治疗干预提供信息，它有可能减少这种社会上非常重要的精神病理学类型所带来的经济和情感负担。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad goal of the proposed project is to examine risk factors for the development and maintenance of psychopathy, a personality disorder characterized by chronic antisocial behavior (Douglas, Vincent, & Edens, 2006), predatory interpersonal traits (Hare, 2003), and poor treatment outcomes (Harris & Rice, 2006). The present application will test a new etiological model of psychopathy that re-conceptualizes the attentional and emotional deficits associated with the disorder in an integrative framework. Specifically, the project will address (1) the interactive effects of emotion and attention as contributing factors to the processing deficits observed in psychopathy using psychophysiological measures (i.e., event-related potentials, electromyography), and (2) the potential moderating effects of monoaminergic genes as risk factors for the deficient emotional reactivity associated with the disorder. The proposed study seeks to advance current etiological conceptualizations of the disorder by examining biological and psychological risk factors for psychopathy in a sample of high-risk individuals involved in the criminal justice system. Event-related potentials, startle reflex, and genetic data will be collected from individuals recruited from probation and parole who have been classified as high or low on psychopathic traits using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (Hart, Cox, Hare, 1999). These measures will be used to index the unique and interactive effects of attentional and emotional systems while participants view unpleasant and neutral pictures matched on visual complexity selected from the International Affective Picture System (Lang et al., 2005). Based on extant literature, it is hypothesized that the results will support an etiological model of psychopathy in which genes confer risk for the deficient emotionality observed in the disorder, which, in conjunction with reduced attentional capacity, result in psychopathic traits. The long-term objective of the project is to provide data on risk factors for psychopathy that can be used to improve treatment interventions for the disorder. No validated interventions presently exist for this disorder (Harris & Rice, 2006), which is likely due in part to the fact that the etiology of psychopathy remains uncertain. PUBLIC HEATLH RELEVANCE The lack of effective treatment interventions has placed a substantial burden on the criminal justice system in that approximately 20 - 30% of incarcerated individuals are psychopathic (Louth et al., 1998), despite a 1% prevalence rate in the general population. Thus, the extent to which the study can inform future treatment interventions it has the potential to reduce the financial and emotional burden posed by this socially quite important type of psychopathology