Biophysical limitations to signal transmission in the mammalian retina

哺乳动物视网膜信号传输的生物物理限制

• 批准号: 7583977
• 负责人: William Rowland Taylor
• 金额: $ 29.07万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-01-15 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7583977
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Amacrine Cells; Biological Models; Brain; Calcium; Cells; Computer Simulation; Detection; Discrimination; Disease; Event; Feedback; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Light; Mammals; Measures; Mediating; Morphology; Mus; Nature; Neurons; Night Blindness; Noise; Pathway interactions; Photons; Physiological; Principal Investigator; Property; Research; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Rhodopsin; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; System; Testing; Vision; Visual system structure; absorption; ganglion cell; improved; multi-photon; neural circuit; postsynaptic; presynaptic; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinal rods; transmission process; visual threshold; voltage; voltage gated channel

Seeing at night has considerable evolutionary advantages both for predators and prey, and many mammals, including humans, have excellent night vision. Humans can perceive dim light flashes that produce single photon absorption in about 1 in 100 rods, which indicates that signals generated by single photons are reliably transmitted through the retina to the brain. We have a detailed understanding about how the rod photoreceptors encode single photons as electrical signals, but relatively little is known about how these tiny signals are transmitted through the retina. The general goal of this research is to gain a quantitative understanding of single photon synaptic transmission through the retina. We will use the mouse as a model system, because they have a well-developed night vision, and make an excellent model system for mammalian rod vision. Recordings of single photon signals will be made from each neuron in the chain of neurons connecting the rods to the ganglion cells. Voltage and current signals generated in response to dim light flashes will be analyzed. Specific aims include 1) determining the mechanisms of gain control at the rod synapse, 2) determining the nature of the non-linearity that controls convergent noise in the rod All amacrine cells, 3) resolving the single photon signal in ganglion cells. Advances in our understanding of normal retinal function will improve our understanding of the dysfunctions that result from retinal disease. Our resultswill have particular relevance to diseases that cause night blindness.

晚上见面对于捕食者和猎物以及许多哺乳动物都具有相当大的进化优势， 包括人类在内，拥有出色的夜视。人类可以感知昏暗的光闪烁，产生单一的闪光 大约100杆中约1个吸收光子，这表明由单个光子产生的信号为 可靠地通过视网膜传播到大脑。我们对杆如何有详细的了解 光感受器将单个光子编码为电信号，但对这些微小的方式了解相对较少 信号通过视网膜传输。这项研究的一般目标是获得定量 了解通过视网膜的单个光子突触传播。我们将使用鼠标作为模型 系统，因为它们具有发达的夜视，并为 哺乳动物杆视觉。单个光子信号的记录将由每个神经元的链中的每个神经元进行 将棒连接到神经节细胞的神经元。响应昏暗的电压和电流信号 光闪光将进行分析。具体目的包括1）确定杆上的增益控制机制 突触，2）确定控制杆中收敛噪声的非线性性质的性质 细胞，3）解决神经节细胞中的单个光子信号。我们对正常视网膜的理解的进步 功能将提高我们对视网膜疾病引起的功能障碍的理解。我们的结果周期 与引起夜失明的疾病特别相关。

项目成果

Immunohistochemical identification and synaptic inputs to the diffuse bipolar cell type DB1 in macaque retina.

• DOI: 10.1002/cne.22756
• 发表时间: 2011-12-15
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Puthussery, Theresa;Gayet-Primo, Jacqueline;Taylor, W. Rowland;Haverkamp, Silke
• 通讯作者: Haverkamp, Silke