Youth Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Use: Effects of Hours of Work and Wages

青少年吸食酒精、烟草和大麻：工作时间和工资的影响

• 批准号: 7579970
• 负责人: Robert Kaestner
• 金额: $ 27.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-05 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7579970
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Behavior; Characteristics; Child; Cigarette; Development; Discipline; Drug usage; Economics; Educational Status; Employment; Exposure to; Family; Future; Hand; Health; Health Policy; Hour; Income; Lead; Link; Marijuana Smoking; Marketing; Measures; Methods; National Research Council; Nature; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Policies; Predisposition; Public Health; Public Policy; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; School-Age Population; Schools; Smoke; Social Development; Societies; Teenagers; Time; Tobacco; Unemployment; Variant; Wages; Work; Youth; adolescent alcohol; adolescent substance use; behavior influence; design; drinking; self esteem; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A significant portion of school-aged youth work and the consequences of that work are of potential concern to society. Youth employment is associated with educational achievement, social development, and future labor market outcomes. While there is widespread public support for combining work and school, and some evidence that employment has positive effects on youth development, previous research has also uncovered some potentially harmful consequences of employment among school-aged teens. In particular, there is considerable evidence that employment is positively related to alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use (National Research Council 1998). The positive relationship between youth employment and substance use is especially important given the addictive nature of these goods, which puts youth at risk of a lifetime of use and abuse of these substances. A key policy question, which previous research has not adequately addressed, is to what extent employment causes youth to initiate or change their use of potentially harmful substances, and the mechanisms that underlie any causal relationship. On the one hand, employment may not be a cause of youth substance use; any association between youth employment and substance use may simply reflect the influence of a confounding factor such as family background. Alternatively, employment may causally affect youth substance use. If so, it is important from a public policy perspective to identify the causal pathway that links employment to youth substance use. The purpose of the proposed research is to identify the importance of employment and earned income on youth substance use. While there have been several studies that have examined the associations between employment, earned income and substance use, none of these studies have provided estimates of a causal relationship, which is essential to devising effective public policies. The primary limitation of previous studies is that the relationship between employment, earned income and substance use is likely to be confounded by omitted variables. In the proposed research, we will control for confounding by using exogenous changes in employment and earned income, caused by changes in minimum wages and aggregate economic activity (unemployment), to identify the effect of these factors on substance use. PROJECT HEALTH RELEVANCE A significant portion of school-aged youth work and there is evidence that employment is positively related to alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use. The addictive nature of these substances and the potentially serious health consequences of substance use underscore the importance of public health policy targeted at reducing youth substance use. The proposed research will identify the importance of employment and earned income on youth substance use and produce information that can be used to design effective public health policy to address this problem.

描述（由申请人提供）：学龄青少年工作的很大一部分和工作的后果是潜在的社会关注。青年就业与教育成就、社会发展和未来劳动力市场结果相关。虽然公众普遍支持将工作和学校结合起来，而且有证据表明就业对青年发展有积极影响，但以前的研究也发现了学龄青少年就业的一些潜在有害后果。特别是，有相当多的证据表明，就业与饮酒、吸烟和吸食大麻呈正相关（国家研究理事会，1998年）。青年就业与药物使用之间的积极关系尤为重要，因为这些物品具有成瘾性，使青年人面临终生使用和滥用这些物质的风险。以前的研究没有充分解决的一个关键政策问题是，就业在多大程度上导致青年开始使用或改变使用可能有害的物质，以及任何因果关系背后的机制。一方面，就业可能不是青年使用药物的原因;青年就业与药物使用之间的任何联系可能只是反映了家庭背景等混杂因素的影响。另外，就业也可能对青年药物使用产生因果影响。如果是这样的话，从公共政策的角度来看，重要的是要确定就业与青年药物使用之间的因果关系。拟议研究的目的是确定就业和收入对青少年药物使用的重要性。虽然有几项研究审查了就业、收入和药物使用之间的联系，但这些研究都没有提供因果关系的估计，而因果关系对于制定有效的公共政策至关重要。以前的研究的主要局限性是，就业，收入和物质使用之间的关系很可能被遗漏的变量混淆。在拟议的研究中，我们将通过使用最低工资和总经济活动（失业）的变化引起的就业和收入的外生变化来控制混淆，以确定这些因素对药物使用的影响。相当一部分学龄青年工作，有证据表明，就业与酒精、香烟和大麻的使用呈正相关。这些物质的致瘾性质和使用物质可能造成的严重健康后果突出表明了旨在减少青少年使用物质的公共卫生政策的重要性。拟议的研究将确定就业和收入对青年药物使用的重要性，并提供可用于设计有效的公共卫生政策以解决这一问题的信息。