The Effect of Exercise on Acute Nicotine Withdrawal: Human Study

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的主要目的是测试运动对急性尼古丁戒断的影响。急性尼古丁戒断的特点是一系列复杂的症状，与试图戒烟的人复发的风险增加有关。现有的补救措施并不针对戒断的所有方面。例如，药物治疗可以减少基于戒断的渴望，但对线索相关的渴望、睡眠改变和戒断期间的情绪障碍没有影响。因此，需要有可能减轻持续性戒断症状的非药物行为技术。我们假设运动可以是一种有效的非药物策略来改善这些领域。这项工作的目标是测试：1)运动对情绪、睡眠的客观测量和暗示反应的影响；2)在短时间（几小时）和较长时间（24至72小时）戒烟后，一定强度和持续时间的运动效果；3)早上锻炼和晚上锻炼对预期结果域的影响。我们计划实施受试者内设计，使我们能够在四种不同的情况下收集每位18至39岁受试者的测量数据：1)随意吸烟；2)禁欲2 ~ 72小时后进行晚间锻炼；3)禁欲2 ~ 72小时后晨练；4)禁欲2 ~ 72小时后不许运动。运动将在固定和监测剂量和持续时间下进行。通过收集早晨和晚上的戒断症状和线索反应，我们还将测试运动在减少戒断症状和线索反应方面的效果是否会在运动回合后的几分钟/小时内显示出持久的效果。我们还假设运动的时间可能对戒断的不同方面有不同的影响。建议的工作将允许我们检查运动的程度，一种有前途的非药物行为治疗方法，可以减轻被认为阻碍戒断努力的戒断的关键症状。更好地了解这些影响将使我们能够在一天中对试图戒烟的个人来说可能更麻烦的时间进行锻炼。减轻戒断症状的新行为方法的发展将直接转移到戒烟治疗中，旨在减少戒断症状和帮助戒烟后避免复发。本申请是根据RFA-DA-09-013（体育活动与药物滥用之间的相互作用）提交的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary aim of this project is to test the effect of exercise on acute nicotine withdrawal. Acute nicotine withdrawal is characterized by a complex array of symptoms associated with increased risk of relapse among individuals attempting smoking cessation. The available remedies do not target all aspects of withdrawal. For example, pharmacologic treatments reduce withdrawal-based craving, but have no effect on cue-related craving, altered sleep, and mood disturbances during withdrawal. Therefore, non-pharmacologic behavioral techniques with the potential to attenuate persistent withdrawal symptoms are needed. We hypothesized that exercise can be a valid non-pharmacologic strategy to improve these domains. The goal of the proposed work is to test: 1) the effects of exercise on mood, objective measures of sleep, and cue reactivity; 2) the effects of exercise at a given intensity and duration, after a short (few hours) and more prolonged (24 to 72 hours) abstinence from smoking; and 3) the effects of exercising in the morning versus exercising in the evening on the proposed outcome domains. We plan to implement a within-subject design that will allow us to collect measures for each subject aged 18 to 39 in four different conditions: 1) ad libitum smoking; 2) evening exercise after 2 to 72 hours of abstinence; 3) morning exercise after 2 to 72 hours of abstinence; and 4) no exercise after 2 to 72 hours of abstinence. Exercise will be conducted at a fixed and monitored dose and duration. By collecting morning and evening measures of withdrawal symptoms and cue reactivity, we will also test whether the effects of exercise in reducing withdrawal symptoms and cue reactivity will show a prolonged effect beyond the minutes/hours immediately after the exercise bout. We also hypothesize that the timing of exercise may have differential effects on different aspect of withdrawal. The proposed work will allow us to examine the extent to which exercise, a promising nonpharmacologic behavioral treatment method, can attenuate key symptoms of withdrawal recognized to impede abstinence efforts. A better understanding of these effects will allow us to implement exercise at the time of day that may be more troublesome for the individual attempting to quit. The development of new behavioral methods for attenuating withdrawal symptoms will be directly transferable to smoking cessation treatments aimed at reducing withdrawal symptoms and aiding efforts to avoid relapse after quitting smoking. This application is being submitted in response to RFA-DA-09-013 (Interactions between Physical Activity and Drug Abuse). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United Sates. Although there are numerous compelling reasons to stop smoking, smoking cessation is difficult, partly because of the unpleasant withdrawal symptoms that individuals experience. These include effects of smoking cessation on mood, sleep, as well as cue-induced craving. The available remedies do not target all aspects of withdrawal. Exercise is clearly an under-utilized intervention and has immense potential benefits for improving smoking cessation. The proposed work will allow us to examine the extent to which exercise, a promising nonpharmacologic behavioral treatment method, can attenuate key symptoms of withdrawal recognized to impede abstinence efforts. A better understanding of these effects will allow us to implement exercise at the time of day that may be more troublesome for the individual attempting to quit. The development of new behavioral methods for attenuating withdrawal symptoms will be directly transferable to smoking cessation treatments aimed at reducing withdrawal symptoms and aiding efforts to avoid relapse after quitting smoking.