The Effect of Exercise on Acute Nicotine Withdrawal: Human Study

描述(申请人提供)：本项目的主要目的是测试锻炼对急性尼古丁戒断的影响。急性尼古丁戒断的特点是一系列复杂的症状，与试图戒烟的人复发风险增加有关。现有的补救办法并不针对撤军的所有方面。例如，药物治疗减少了基于戒断的渴望，但对与线索相关的渴望、睡眠改变和戒断期间的情绪紊乱没有影响。因此，有可能减轻持续性戒断症状的非药物行为技术是必要的。我们假设锻炼可以是一种有效的非药理学策略来改善这些领域。这项拟议工作的目标是测试：1)锻炼对情绪、睡眠的客观测量和线索反应性的影响；2)在短时间(几个小时)和更长时间(24-72小时)戒烟后，在给定强度和持续时间下锻炼的效果；以及3)早上锻炼和晚上锻炼对拟议结果领域的影响。我们计划实施受试者内设计，允许我们收集每个年龄在18至39岁的受试者在四种不同情况下的测量结果：1)随意吸烟；2)戒烟2至72小时后的晚间锻炼；3)戒烟2至72小时后的晨间锻炼；以及4)戒烟2至72小时后不锻炼。运动将在固定和监测的剂量和持续时间内进行。通过收集早晚戒断症状和线索反应性的测量，我们还将测试运动在减轻戒断症状和线索反应性方面的效果是否会在运动后立即出现的几分钟/几小时之后表现出持久的效果。我们还假设，锻炼的时机可能会对戒断的不同方面产生不同的影响。这项拟议的工作将使我们能够检查运动--一种很有前途的非药物行为治疗方法--可以在多大程度上减轻被认为阻碍戒断努力的关键戒断症状。更好地了解这些影响将使我们能够在一天中对试图戒烟的人来说更麻烦的时间进行锻炼。减轻戒烟症状的新行为方法的开发将直接用于戒烟治疗，旨在减少戒烟症状并帮助避免戒烟后复发的努力。本申请是根据RFA-DA-09-013(体力活动与药物滥用之间的相互作用)提交的。 公共卫生相关性：在美国，吸烟是导致发病率和死亡率的主要可预防原因。尽管有许多令人信服的戒烟理由，但戒烟很困难，部分原因是个人经历的令人不快的戒烟症状。这些包括戒烟对情绪、睡眠以及线索诱导的渴望的影响。现有的补救办法并不针对撤军的所有方面。运动显然是一种未得到充分利用的干预措施，对促进戒烟有巨大的潜在好处。这项拟议的工作将使我们能够检查运动--一种很有前途的非药物行为治疗方法--可以在多大程度上减轻被认为阻碍戒断努力的关键戒断症状。更好地了解这些影响将使我们能够在一天中对试图戒烟的人来说更麻烦的时间进行锻炼。减轻戒烟症状的新行为方法的开发将直接用于戒烟治疗，旨在减少戒烟症状并帮助避免戒烟后复发的努力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary aim of this project is to test the effect of exercise on acute nicotine withdrawal. Acute nicotine withdrawal is characterized by a complex array of symptoms associated with increased risk of relapse among individuals attempting smoking cessation. The available remedies do not target all aspects of withdrawal. For example, pharmacologic treatments reduce withdrawal-based craving, but have no effect on cue-related craving, altered sleep, and mood disturbances during withdrawal. Therefore, non-pharmacologic behavioral techniques with the potential to attenuate persistent withdrawal symptoms are needed. We hypothesized that exercise can be a valid non-pharmacologic strategy to improve these domains. The goal of the proposed work is to test: 1) the effects of exercise on mood, objective measures of sleep, and cue reactivity; 2) the effects of exercise at a given intensity and duration, after a short (few hours) and more prolonged (24 to 72 hours) abstinence from smoking; and 3) the effects of exercising in the morning versus exercising in the evening on the proposed outcome domains. We plan to implement a within-subject design that will allow us to collect measures for each subject aged 18 to 39 in four different conditions: 1) ad libitum smoking; 2) evening exercise after 2 to 72 hours of abstinence; 3) morning exercise after 2 to 72 hours of abstinence; and 4) no exercise after 2 to 72 hours of abstinence. Exercise will be conducted at a fixed and monitored dose and duration. By collecting morning and evening measures of withdrawal symptoms and cue reactivity, we will also test whether the effects of exercise in reducing withdrawal symptoms and cue reactivity will show a prolonged effect beyond the minutes/hours immediately after the exercise bout. We also hypothesize that the timing of exercise may have differential effects on different aspect of withdrawal. The proposed work will allow us to examine the extent to which exercise, a promising nonpharmacologic behavioral treatment method, can attenuate key symptoms of withdrawal recognized to impede abstinence efforts. A better understanding of these effects will allow us to implement exercise at the time of day that may be more troublesome for the individual attempting to quit. The development of new behavioral methods for attenuating withdrawal symptoms will be directly transferable to smoking cessation treatments aimed at reducing withdrawal symptoms and aiding efforts to avoid relapse after quitting smoking. This application is being submitted in response to RFA-DA-09-013 (Interactions between Physical Activity and Drug Abuse). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United Sates. Although there are numerous compelling reasons to stop smoking, smoking cessation is difficult, partly because of the unpleasant withdrawal symptoms that individuals experience. These include effects of smoking cessation on mood, sleep, as well as cue-induced craving. The available remedies do not target all aspects of withdrawal. Exercise is clearly an under-utilized intervention and has immense potential benefits for improving smoking cessation. The proposed work will allow us to examine the extent to which exercise, a promising nonpharmacologic behavioral treatment method, can attenuate key symptoms of withdrawal recognized to impede abstinence efforts. A better understanding of these effects will allow us to implement exercise at the time of day that may be more troublesome for the individual attempting to quit. The development of new behavioral methods for attenuating withdrawal symptoms will be directly transferable to smoking cessation treatments aimed at reducing withdrawal symptoms and aiding efforts to avoid relapse after quitting smoking.