Alcohol, Gender, Power, and Condom use among Adults in Northern Tanzania

坦桑尼亚北部成年人的酒精、性别、权力和安全套使用情况

• 批准号: 7742602
• 负责人: SARAH E WOOLF-KING
• 金额: $ 3.18万
• 依托单位: SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-16 至 2010-06-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7742602
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adult; Affect; Africa South of the Sahara; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Behavior; Contracts; Effectiveness; Empirical Research; Epidemic; Experimental Models; Female; Gender; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Heterosexuals; High Prevalence; Incidence; Infection; Knowledge; Latex; Life; Measures; Mediation; Medical; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Population; Prevalence; Prevention approach; Preventive Intervention; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Route; Series; Sex Behavior; Sex Characteristics; Tanzania; Target Populations; Testing; Underserved Population; United Nations; Woman; Work; alcohol effect; base; condoms; design; drinking; eligible participant; high risk; high risk sexual behavior; improved; male; man; men; prevent; research study; sex; sex risk; sexual encounter; sexually active; theories; therapy design; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania is a critical public health issue. Because heterosexual sex is the predominant route of transmission among this population, one way to prevent the spread of HIV is through the use of a male latex condom. Research has indicated that understanding the influence of alcohol use, gender, relationship power, and partner-type as part of a multifacted network of variables that predict condom use behavior is essential to developing targeted HIV prevention interventions that can effectively reduce the risk of new infections among high-risk populations, such as women in Tanzania. Currently, there is a complete absence of empirical research that addresses the different effects of these factors on men and women's ability to implement condom use, but a testable theory is available. The Theory of Gender and Power (TGP) will be used to generate causal hypotheses about the differential influence of alcohol use, perceived relationship power, and partner-type on men and women's self-reported difficulty implementing condom use. This project has two specific aims. The first is to conduct a formative study to create and validate experimental vignettes that can be used to provide reliable measures of perceived difficulty engaging in condom use under circumstances characterized by (a) the presence or absence of alcohol use, (b) a serious or a casual partner-type, and (c) a situation of low or equal power. The second specific aim is to conduct an experimental study using the previously described vignettes to test hypotheses generated from the TGP. Sexually active men and women from Northern Tanzania will respond to a series of vignettes that manipulate perceived relationship power, partner-type, and presence of alcohol use by indicating how "difficult" in would be to discuss, negotiate, and actually engage in condom use in each scenario. It is expected that women will report that it is most difficult to engage in condom use in situations characterized by the presence of alcohol use, a serious partner-type, and low power. Alternatively, for men, the only variable that will significantly affect difficulty implementing condom use is alcohol, such that it will be more difficult to implement condom use in a scenario where the man had been drinking. Relevance to Public Health: The results from this study will be used to further understanding of condom use behavior among a high-risk, underserved population in Northern Tanzania. This knowledge can be used to enhance the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions and thereby reduce the incidence of HIV infection in the target population. Finally, this project can be used as a model for experimental work that improves the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions of other populations in Sub-Saharan Africa.

描述（由申请人提供）：艾滋病毒/艾滋病在坦桑尼亚的高流行率是一个关键的公共卫生问题。 由于异性性行为是这一人群中的主要传播途径，预防艾滋病毒传播的一种方法是使用男用乳胶避孕套。研究表明，了解饮酒、性别、关系权力和伴侣类型的影响，作为预测安全套使用行为的多因素变量网络的一部分，对于制定有针对性的艾滋病毒预防干预措施至关重要，这些干预措施可以有效降低高危人群（如坦桑尼亚妇女）的新感染风险。目前，完全没有实证研究来说明这些因素对男女使用安全套的能力的不同影响，但有一个可检验的理论。性别和权力理论（TGP）将被用来产生的因果关系假设的差异影响，酒精的使用，感知的关系权力，和合作伙伴类型的男性和女性的自我报告的困难，实施避孕套的使用。该项目有两个具体目标。第一个是进行形成性研究，以创建和验证实验小插曲，可用于提供可靠的措施，从事从事避孕套使用的情况下，其特点是（a）有或没有酒精的使用，（B）严重或休闲的合作伙伴类型，（c）低或同等权力的情况下的感知困难。第二个具体目标是进行一项实验研究，使用前面描述的小插曲，以测试从三峡工程产生的假设。来自坦桑尼亚北方的性活跃男性和女性将对一系列操纵感知关系权力、伴侣类型和饮酒情况的小插曲做出反应，这些小插曲表明在每种情况下讨论、谈判和实际使用避孕套有多“困难”。预计妇女将报告说，在饮酒、伴侣类型严重和权力较低的情况下，最难使用避孕套。另外，对男性来说，唯一会显著影响使用安全套难度的变量是酒精，因此，在男性饮酒的情况下，使用安全套将更加困难。 与公共卫生的相关性：这项研究的结果将用于进一步了解坦桑尼亚北方高风险、服务不足的人群的安全套使用行为。这些知识可用于提高艾滋病毒预防干预措施的效力，从而降低目标人群中艾滋病毒感染的发生率。最后，该项目可作为提高撒哈拉以南非洲其他人口艾滋病毒预防干预措施有效性的实验工作的模式。