New Model Leading to Preterm Delivery: Role of Exposure to Environmental Toxins

导致早产的新模式：环境毒素暴露的作用

• 批准号: 7641974
• 负责人: Nazeeh N Hanna
• 金额: $ 23.76万
• 依托单位: NYU WINTHROP HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7641974
• 关键词: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor; Caring; Cells; Cervix Uteri; Childhood; Cytokine Network Pathway; Data; Deposition; Dinoprostone; Dioxins; Disease; Down-Regulation; Environment; Environmental Pollutants; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemiologic Studies; Exhibits; Exposure to; Fetal Membranes; Fetus; Genital system; Health; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunohistochemistry; Immunologics; Incidence; Incineration; Infant; Infection; Infection of amniotic sac and membranes; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Response; Interleukin-10; Lead; MAPK14 gene; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Molecular; Morphogenesis; Mothers; Mus; Neurologic; Organ; PTGS2 gene; Partner in relationship; Pathogenesis; Pathologic; Pathologic Processes; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Phosphotransferases; Placenta; Play; Predisposition; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Premature Infant; Premature Labor; Prevention; Production; Prostaglandin Production; Prostaglandins; Proteins; Reaction; Role; Sampling; Second Pregnancy Trimester; Signal Transduction; Testing; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin; Time; Toxic Environmental Substances; Up-Regulation; base; cell type; cytokine; cytotoxic; cytotrophoblast; disability; fetal; human MAPK14 protein; improved; in utero; inhibitor/antagonist; mRNA Expression; macrophage; mortality; mouse model; myometrium; neonatal morbidity; pathogen; pregnant; prevent; public health relevance; research study; response; stem; treatment strategy; wasting

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and childhood neurological disability particularly in infants born less than 28 weeks gestation. Despite significant advances in the care of pregnant mothers, the incidence of preterm labor is on the rise. There is growing recognition that cytokines and inflammatory mediators, in particular, prostaglandins, present at the maternal-fetal interface, play a fundamental role in regulating labor. Of particular importance is the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) which functions to inhibit the pro-inflammatory anti-fetal immune responses in the placental micro-environment that initiate labor. We speculate that in the presence of subclinical infection, decreases in IL-10 lead to an exaggerated inflammatory reaction that drives the local immune system at the maternal-fetal interface towards anti-fetal responses and preterm labor. Mechanisms underlying suppression of IL-10 in the placenta are unknown. TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) is a persistent environmental pollutant, generated as a manufacturing byproduct of waste incineration, and is found as a contaminant in pesticide mixtures. Epidemiologic studies have suggested a strong association between maternal exposure to TCDD and preterm birth. TCDD is known to modulate immune responses and we have demonstrated that it blocks placental IL-10 production. We hypothesize that intrauterine exposure to TCDD leads to down regulation of IL-10 and/or up regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can trigger preterm labor in the setting of low grade infection. To test this hypothesis, studies are planned to: (1) compare cytokines produced by human placentas from preterm, normal second trimester, and term labor samples; (2) Analyze the role of IL-10 in regulating placental prostaglandin production in preterm when compared to normal second trimester and term labor samples; (3) characterize the effects of TCDD on placental cytokines expression and activity, and (4) Determine if TCDD increases susceptibility to preterm delivery in infection-induced preterm labor in mice. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The studies described in this application will improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of preterm labor and the role of exposure to environmental toxicants on this pathologic process. These findings will be useful in studies aimed at identifying more effective prevention and treatment strategies for preterm labor.

描述（由申请人提供）：早产是新生儿发病率和死亡率以及儿童神经系统残疾的主要原因，特别是在妊娠28周以下出生的婴儿中。尽管在孕妇护理方面取得了重大进展，但早产的发生率仍在上升。越来越多的人认识到，细胞因子和炎症介质，特别是，在母胎界面，发挥调节分娩的基本作用。特别重要的是抗炎细胞因子，白细胞介素-10（IL-10），其功能是抑制胎盘微环境中引发分娩的促炎抗胎儿免疫应答。我们推测，在亚临床感染的存在下，IL-10的减少导致过度的炎症反应，从而驱动母胎界面处的局部免疫系统朝向抗胎儿反应和早产。胎盘中IL-10抑制的机制尚不清楚。TCDD（2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并对二恶英）是一种持久性环境污染物，是废物焚烧的生产副产品，也是农药混合物中的一种污染物。流行病学研究表明，母亲接触TCDD与早产之间存在很强的关联。已知TCDD可调节免疫反应，我们已经证明它可阻断胎盘IL-10的产生。我们推测，宫内暴露于TCDD导致下调IL-10和/或上调促炎细胞因子，可以触发早产的设置中的低度感染。为了检验这一假设，计划进行以下研究：（1）比较早产、正常中期妊娠和足月分娩样本中人胎盘产生的细胞因子;（2）分析与正常中期妊娠和足月分娩样本相比，IL-10在早产中调节胎盘前列腺素产生中的作用;（3）描述TCDD对胎盘细胞因子表达和活性的影响，（4）确定TCDD是否增加感染诱导早产小鼠早产的易感性。公共卫生相关性：本申请中描述的研究将提高我们对早产的分子发病机制以及暴露于环境毒物对这一病理过程的作用的理解。这些发现将有助于研究旨在确定更有效的预防和治疗早产的策略。