Role of alpha-Tubulin Mutations in Lissencephaly

α-微管蛋白突变在无脑畸形中的作用

• 批准号: 7862424
• 负责人: NICHOLAS COWAN
• 金额: $ 44.74万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-05 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7862424
• 关键词: Accounting; Affinity; Affinity Chromatography; Architecture; Behavior; Binding; Brain; Categories; Cell-Free System; Cells; Cerebellum; Characteristics; Cultured Cells; Cytoplasmic Protein; Data; Defect; Development; Disease; Dynein ATPase; Elements; Embryo; Event; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; GTP Binding; Genes; Genetic; Hippocampus (Brain); Homologous Gene; Human; In Vitro; Individual; Insecta; Intractable Epilepsy; Label; Lead; Lesion; Link; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Microtubules; Molecular Chaperones; Motor; Mus; Muscle hypotonia; Mutant Strains Mice; Mutation; Names; Neuronal Migration Disorder; Neurons; Pathway interactions; Patients; Phenotype; Platelet Activating Factor; Play; Process; Production; Profound Mental Retardation; Property; Protein Binding; Proteins; Rattus; Reaction; Role; Screening procedure; Site; Structure; Surface; Testing; Tubulin; VLDL receptor; abstracting; alpha Tubulin; base; chaperonin CCT; cohort; cytosolic chaperonin; developmental disease; doublecortin protein; falls; gel electrophoresis; in vivo; infancy; lissencephaly; migration; mutant; polymerization; reconstitution; research study

Lissencephaly is a catastrophic developmental disease characterized by a smooth surface of the brain, four abnormal cortical layers, and a variably hypoplastic cerebellum. The condition is associated with intractable epilepsy, hypotonia, and profound mental retardation from infancy. Mutations in at least three genes – LIS1, DCX and RELN – lead to very similar defects in neuronal migration that are associated with the disease. Together, these account for about 70% of cases of lissencephaly, but the underlying cause of the remaining cases is unknown. We have recently discovered that a mutation in close proximity to the GTP binding pocket of the tuba1 α-tubulin gene causes abnormal neuronal migration events in mice that are reminiscent of lissencephaly. Indeed, screening of a cohort of patients who do not carry mutations in either LIS1, DCX or RELN has revealed that mutations in TUBA1A, the human homolog of tuba1, cause neuronal migration defects including lissencephaly and pachygyria. These data reinforce the notion that microtubule based events play a central role in neuronal migration during development, and that cortical migration disorders results from disruption of critical microtubule processes. We have found that 10 different disease-causing α-tubulin mutations fall into two categories: those that could lead to haploinsufficiency (Class I), and those that do not (Class II). 1) In the case of Class I mutations, we propose to establish the defect(s) in the heterodimer assembly pathway that lead to a diminished yield of tubulin heterodimers. To do this, we will analyze the products of in vitro folding reactions done using individual purified components (chaperones) required for de novo heterodimer assembly. 2) In the case of Class II mutations, we will test the hypothesis that disruption of key elements of microtubule behavior can occur via a mechanism in which proper interactions between α-tubulin and critical effectors of microtubule function are compromised. a) We will generate a supply of tubulin heterodimers that is homogeneous in that it will contain α- and β-subunits consisting of only a single isotype that is either wild type or mutant. b) We will compare the dynamic properties of isotypically pure wild type and mutant forms of TUBA1A.

缺脑畸形是一种灾难性的发育性疾病，其特征是大脑表面光滑，四层皮质异常，小脑发育不全。这种情况与顽固性癫痫、张力低下和婴儿期的深度智力迟钝有关。至少三个基因（LIS1， DCX和RELN）的突变导致与该疾病相关的神经元迁移中非常相似的缺陷。这些病例加起来约占无脑畸形病例的70%，但其余病例的根本原因尚不清楚。我们最近发现，tuba1 α-微管蛋白基因GTP结合袋附近的突变导致小鼠异常神经元迁移事件，使人联想到无脑畸形。事实上，对一组不携带LIS1、DCX或RELN突变的患者的筛查显示，TUBA1A （tuba1的人类同源基因）的突变会导致包括无脑畸形和厚脑回在内的神经元迁移缺陷。这些数据强化了基于微管的事件在发育过程中神经元迁移中起核心作用的概念，并且皮层迁移障碍是由关键微管过程的破坏引起的。我们发现10种不同的致病α-微管蛋白突变可分为两类：可导致单倍不足的（I类）和不会导致单倍不足的（II类）。1)在I类突变的情况下，我们建议在异源二聚体组装途径中建立导致微管蛋白异源二聚体产量减少的缺陷。为此，我们将分析使用重新组装异源二聚体所需的单个纯化组分（伴侣）进行的体外折叠反应的产物。2)在II类突变的情况下，我们将验证微管行为关键元件的破坏可能通过α-微管蛋白与微管功能关键效应物之间的适当相互作用受到损害的机制发生。a)我们将产生一种微管蛋白异源二聚体，它是均匀的，因为它将包含α-和β-亚基，仅由单一同型组成，要么是野生型，要么是突变型。b)我们将比较等典型纯野生型和突变型TUBA1A的动态特性。

项目成果

Mutations in the β-tubulin gene TUBB5 cause microcephaly with structural brain abnormalities.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.11.017
• 发表时间: 2012-12-27
• 期刊: Cell reports
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Breuss M;Heng JI;Poirier K;Tian G;Jaglin XH;Qu Z;Braun A;Gstrein T;Ngo L;Haas M;Bahi-Buisson N;Moutard ML;Passemard S;Verloes A;Gressens P;Xie Y;Robson KJ;Rani DS;Thangaraj K;Clausen T;Chelly J;Cowan NJ;Keays DA
• 通讯作者: Keays DA