Radiation Hard X-Ray Detector for Image-Guided Proton Beam Cancer Therapy

用于图像引导质子束癌症治疗的辐射硬 X 射线探测器

• 批准号: 7670035
• 负责人: Nick M. Sbrockey
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-07 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7670035
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Advanced Development; Adverse effects; Award; Cancerous; Cardiovascular system; Cereals; Defect; Deposition; Detection; Development; Devices; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Diamond; Dose; Electronics; Elements; Exposure to; Film; Funding; General Hospitals; Generations; Goals; Hardness; Image; Immobilization; In Situ; Industry; Investigation; Lead; Licensing; Mainstreaming; Marketing; Massachusetts; Medical; Medical Electronics; Military Personnel; Motion; Movement; Neutrons; Noise; Organ; Patients; Performance; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Price; Property; Protons; Qualifying; Radiation; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation therapy; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Research; Resistance; Respiration; Roentgen Rays; Sampling; Semiconductors; Services; Silicon; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Space Explorations; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Translating; Universities; Work; base; cancer therapy; commercialization; cost; design; detector; digital; experience; high energy particle; imaging detector; irradiation; medical schools; member; millimeter; particle beam; proton beam; prototype; public health relevance; radiation detector; tool; tumor; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proton beam cancer therapy is fast becoming a mainstream technology in the US, offering the potential for successful cancer treatment with minimum damage to adjacent healthy tissue. The main advantage of proton beam therapy is its ability to target small tissue volumes within a patient, with very high precision, potentially down to fractions of a millimeter. Precisions far greater than can be achieved with x-ray radiotherapy. The reduced damage to healthy tissue translates directly to fewer side effects and shorter patient recovery times. Achieving the maximum benefit of proton beam therapy requires an image-guided approach, since the targeting accuracy of proton beam therapy is easily compromised by patient motion, either as a result of insufficient immobilization or the inevitable motion due to patient respiration or cardiovascular action. Present practice for proton beam cancer therapy does not use an image-guided approach. Typically, digital x-ray radiography is done prior to proton beam irradiation, (usually from two orthogonal views), to construct a 3-D x-ray image of the tumor for targeting. This x-ray imaging must be done off-line, with the proton beam switched off, since proton irradiation creates a significant neutron flux, which rapidly destroys silicon-based x-ray detector panels. The actual proton beam treatment is typically delayed, until the x-ray detectors are retracted behind shielding. In this SBIR effort, Structured Materials Industries, Inc., (SMI) www.structuredmaterials.com, will develop an x-ray imaging system, which is highly resistant to damage by particle beam radiation such as protons and neutrons. The proposed x-ray detector system can be used directly prior to, or even in-situ during proton beam cancer therapy, enabling cancer treatment options that take maximum advantage of the benefits of proton beams. Our technical approach will use thin films of man-made diamond, as the active semiconductor material in the x-ray detector, instead of present technology silicon. Diamond has a number of advantages for use in radiation detectors, including high-sensitivity, low-noise and excellent radiation hardness, as will be detailed further in this proposal. Recent developments in technology to produce synthetic diamond are now making this material available and affordable for electronic applications. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed x-ray imaging system will enable high precision dose delivery, during proton beam cancer therapy. This increased accuracy will enable destruction of cancerous tissue, with minimal damage to adjacent healthy tissue, even with the inevitable organ movement due to patient respiration and cardiovascular action. Greater beam position accuracy will enable treatment of advanced tumors, small tumors and tumors intimately adjacent to healthy organs, as well as lead to shorten recovery times.

描述（由申请人提供）：质子束癌症治疗正在迅速成为美国的主流技术，提供了成功治疗癌症的潜力，同时对邻近健康组织的损害最小。质子束治疗的主要优点是能够以非常高的精度（可能低至几分之一毫米）瞄准患者体内的小组织体积。精度远远高于 X 射线放射治疗所能达到的精度。对健康组织损伤的减少直接意味着副作用的减少和患者康复时间的缩短。要实现质子束治疗的最大益处，需要采用图像引导方法，因为质子束治疗的靶向准确性很容易受到患者运动的影响，无论是由于固定不足还是由于患者呼吸或心血管活动导致的不可避免的运动。目前质子束癌症治疗的实践不使用图像引导方法。通常，数字 X 射线照相在质子束照射之前进行（通常来自两个正交视图），以构建肿瘤的 3D X 射线图像以用于靶向。这种 X 射线成像必须在质子束关闭的情况下离线完成，因为质子照射会产生大量的中子通量，从而迅速破坏硅基 X 射线探测器面板。实际的质子束治疗通常会延迟，直到 X 射线探测器缩回到屏蔽后面。在这项 SBIR 项目中，Structured Materials Industries, Inc. (SMI) www.structedmaterials.com 将开发一种 X 射线成像系统，该系统对质子和中子等粒子束辐射具有很强的抵抗力。所提出的 X 射线探测器系统可以在质子束癌症治疗之前直接使用，甚至可以在质子束癌症治疗期间原位使用，从而使癌症治疗方案能够最大限度地利用质子束的优势。我们的技术方法将使用人造金刚石薄膜作为 X 射线探测器中的活性半导体材料，而不是现有技术的硅。金刚石用于辐射探测器具有许多优点，包括高灵敏度、低噪声和出色的辐射硬度，本提案将进一步详细介绍这一点。合成金刚石生产技术的最新发展使得这种材料在电子应用中变得可用且经济实惠。 公共健康相关性：拟议的 X 射线成像系统将在质子束癌症治疗期间实现高精度剂量输送。这种提高的准确性将能够破坏癌组织，对邻近健康组织的损害最小，即使由于患者呼吸和心血管活动而不可避免地发生器官移动。更高的光束位置精度将能够治疗晚期肿瘤、小肿瘤和与健康器官紧密相邻的肿瘤，并缩短恢复时间。