THE ROLE OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN DM2

脂肪酸组成在 DM2 种族和民族差异中的作用

• 批准号: 7717020
• 负责人: John N. Clore
• 金额: $ 15.06万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-01 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7717020
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; African American; Age; American; Body Composition; Carbohydrates; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Classification; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Consumption; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary Assessment; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Epidemiologic Studies; Fatty Acids; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Funding; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose tolerance test; Grant; Individual; Institution; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intake; Link; Measurement; Metabolic; Numbers; Obesity; Patient Self-Report; Play; Production; Puncture biopsy; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Role; Saturated Fatty Acids; Source; Tissues; United States National Institutes of Health; Woman; diabetes risk; ethnic difference; glucose tolerance; impaired glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity; man; metabolic abnormality assessment; racial and ethnic; racial/ethnic difference; response; subcutaneous

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This study proposes to explore the hypothesis that the increased risk for diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) in African Americans is related in part to differences in the metabolic response to dietary carbohydrate, resulting in increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) production in susceptible individuals. The following hypothesis links obesity and insulin resistance: poorly oxidized SFA accumulate within insulin sensitive tissues and impair insulin action. The SFA may be derived from either endogenous synthesis or diet. Links between dietary fat and impaired glucose tolerance have been known for many years and evidence supporting the long-held contention that fatty acid composition plays an important role in glucose tolerance is now accumulating. Epidemiologic studies in man have established the association between a diet high in fat and glucose intolerance and DM2, with saturated fatty acids most closely linked. Dietary fat does not appear to explain the greater risk for diabetes in African American (AA) individuals. In most studies, habitual consumption of dietary fat is either the same or decreased in AA compared to Caucasian (C) individuals. The role of carbohydrate intake in diabetes risk is controversial. Differences in dietary fiber and glycemic load have been observed which predict risk for DM2. However, most but not all studies which have examined the relationship between carbohydrate intake and risk for diabetes conclude that increased carbohydrate (and decreased fat) intake is associated with greater insulin sensitivity. The inclusion of high risk AA individuals in the proposed study will enhance our ability to detect ethnic differences which may explain their increased risk for diabetes mellitus. Obese African American and Caucasian women between the ages of 18 and 55 will be recruited for the proposed studies in equal numbers. Racial and ethnic classification will be defined by self-report. Subjects will undergo the following: a glucose tolerance test, body composition measurements, a needle biopsy of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and a dietary assessment. Metabolic studies will then be performed.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 本研究旨在探讨非裔美国人2型糖尿病（DM 2）风险增加的假设，即部分与对膳食碳水化合物的代谢反应差异有关，导致易感个体饱和脂肪酸（SFA）产生增加。 以下假设将肥胖和胰岛素抵抗联系起来：氧化不良的SFA在胰岛素敏感组织内积聚并损害胰岛素作用。SFA可以来源于内源性合成或饮食。多年来，人们已经知道膳食脂肪和糖耐量受损之间的联系，并且支持长期存在的论点的证据正在积累，即脂肪酸组成在糖耐量中发挥着重要作用。 对人类的流行病学研究已经确定了高脂肪和葡萄糖耐受不良的饮食与DM 2之间的联系，其中饱和脂肪酸的联系最为密切。膳食脂肪似乎不能解释非洲裔美国人（AA）个体患糖尿病的风险更高。在大多数研究中，与高加索人（C）个体相比，AA中饮食脂肪的习惯性消耗量相同或减少。碳水化合物摄入在糖尿病风险中的作用是有争议的。已经观察到膳食纤维和血糖负荷的差异，这些差异预测了DM 2的风险。然而，大多数但不是所有的研究都检查了碳水化合物摄入量与糖尿病风险之间的关系，得出的结论是碳水化合物（和脂肪）摄入量增加与胰岛素敏感性增加有关。在拟定研究中纳入高风险AA个体将提高我们检测种族差异的能力，这些差异可能解释其糖尿病风险增加。 将招募相同数量的18 - 55岁肥胖非裔美国人和白人女性用于拟定研究。将通过自我报告定义人种和种族分类。受试者将接受以下检查：葡萄糖耐量试验、身体成分测量、皮下脂肪组织穿刺活检和饮食评估。然后进行代谢研究。