Regulation of Eye Growth and Development by the Lens

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Development and growth of the diverse parts of the eye must be perfectly coordinated in order to transmit correct visual images to the brain. The lens is responsible in part for coordinating eye growth but our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is incomplete. This problem will be studied in Astyanax mexicanus, a teleost fish consisting of an eyed surface dwelling form (surface fish) and a blind cave-dwelling form (cavefish). Eye primordia are initially formed during cavefish development but they subsequently arrest and degenerate, resulting in a blind adult. The first tissue to degenerate is the lens, which is followed by the retina. Transplantation of a normal surface fish embryonic lens into a cavefish optic cup can restore a complete eye in adult cavefish. Several genes, including those encoding the anti-apoptotic protein 1A-crystallin, the heat shock protein Hsp901, and the midline signaling morphogen sonic hedgehog (shh) are candidates for regulators of cavefish lens apoptosis. The lens is also important in protecting the retina from apoptotic cell death and in the normal development of the cornea and sclera. The overall goal of this project is to determine how a lens becomes dysfunctional through apoptosis and how an abnormal lens in turn affects overall growth and development of the eye. The first two aims focus on events leading to apoptosis within the lens. The first aim will investigate the role 1A-crystallin and 1B-crystallin downregulation in lens apoptosis. The second aim will examine the role of hsp901 upregulation in lens apoptosis and its existence in a putative apoptotic pathway with shh and 1 -crystallin genes. The last two aims move outside the lens to focus on the retina, cornea and sclera, optic components whose development is dependent on the lens, and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which may normally cooperate with the lens to protect the retina from apoptosis. The third aim investigates retinal genes that are potentially involved in the pathway controlling life or death of the retina, and the role of the lens in the differentiation and patterning of migratory neural crest cells responsible for cornea and sclera development. The final aim will determine if the RPE collaborates with the lens in mediating retinal cell survival. The aims of this application will combine lens microsurgical manipulations, the use of cellular and molecular markers, experimental gene overexpression and inhibition, and genetic analysis to create fish strains deficient in specific optic components that can be used to test hypothesis of eye growth coordination. This research is designed to provide new insights into how the lens coordinates eye growth and how blindness can result from defects in this process. This will fill a major gap in our understanding of both normal and abnormal eye development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Precise developmental coordination of the different parts of the eye is required to transmit a correct image to the brain. Using the blind cavefish as a model, this study is designed to provide new information about the role of the ocular lens in coordinating eye development. The results will provide insights into abnormal eye development.