Nanovalve Platform: Targeted, Controlled, Release of Anticancer Drugs

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目标是使用具有双稳态分子机器的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子来递送抗癌药物。活性结构是纳米机器，由包含设计孔的固体二氧化硅载体和捕获药物分子并仅在外部命令或在所需条件下从孔中释放药物分子的移动部件组成。两种类型的机器，即主动从孔隙中喷射分子的纳米叶轮，以及阻塞和疏通孔隙入口的纳米阀，将用于控制药物的输送。该组件涂有分子或蛋白质，可将胶囊靶向癌细胞。第一个具体目标是改进和优化主要研究人员实验室开发的纳米机器（pH 激活阀、光激活叶轮、光激活阀），修改特定癌细胞靶向的表面，并优化其性能。第二个目标将通过研究荧光 DNA 结合剂的释放来演示机器在人类癌细胞中的操作，并演示抗癌药物（紫杉醇、喜树碱和阿霉素）在人类癌细胞系中的递送和按需释放。最后，第三个目标将评估和利用在无胸腺小鼠中生长的人类肿瘤异种移植物中的纳米颗粒。通过仅在肿瘤中打开阀门，可以仅在特定部位或响应特定刺激来实现抗癌药物的释放，从而消除对非癌细胞的不良影响。纳米阀门和叶轮可以对药物的输送进行复杂的控制。 公共健康相关性：含有由分子机器控制的孔的纳米颗粒将用于释放受控的抗癌药物。该研究的结果将是一种新的癌症化疗系统，可以消除对非癌细胞的不良影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to use mesoporous silica nanoparticles with bistable molecular machines to deliver anticancer drugs. The active structures are nanomachines that consist of a solid silica support that contains designed pores, and moving parts that trap drug molecules and release them from the pores only on external command or under desired conditions. Two types of machines, nanoimpellers that actively eject molecules from the pores, and nanovalves that block and unblock the entrances to the pores will be used to control the delivery of drugs. The assembly is coated with molecules or proteins that target the capsules to cancer cells. The first specific aim is to improve and optimize nanomachines (a pH activated valve, a light-activated impeller, a light activated valve) that were developed in the principal investigators laboratories, modify the surfaces for specific cancer cell targeting, and optimize their performance. The second aim will demonstrate operation of the machines in human cancer cells by studying the release of a fluorescent DNA binding agent and to demonstrate the delivery and on-demand release of anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, camptothecin and doxorubicin) in human carcinoma cell lines. Finally, the third aim will evaluate and utilize the nanoparticles in human tumor xenografts grown in athymic mice. By having the valves open only in a tumor, it will be possible to achieve release of anticancer drugs only at specific sites or in response to specific stimuli, thus eliminating unwanted effects on non-cancerous cells. The nano valves and impellers allow sophisticated control of the delivery of the drugs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Nanoparticles that contain pores controlled by molecular machines will be used to release anticancer drugs under control. The result of the research will be a novel system for cancer chemotherapy that eliminates unwanted effects on non-cancerous cells.