Rapid Assay for Internalized Radionuclides with Advanced Materials and Methods

利用先进材料和方法快速测定内化放射性核素

• 批准号: 7880088
• 负责人: Raymond Shane Addleman
• 金额: $ 50.64万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7880088
• 关键词: Actinoid Series Elements; Alpha Particles; Automation; Biological Assay; Blood; Chemistry; Cholesterol; Deposition; Detection; Development; Devices; Diagnostic; Disasters; Dose; Engineering; Environment; Equipment; Event; Feces; Film; Goals; Home environment; Hour; Human; Individual; Left; Liquid substance; Measurement; Methods; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Nose; Nuclear; Nuclear Accidents; Organ; Performance; Polonium; Population; Preparation; Radiation; Radiation Injuries; Radioactivity; Radioisotopes; Research; Sampling; Screening procedure; Silicon; Silicon Dioxide; Site; Speed; Surface; Swab; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Triage; Urine; Work; data modeling; design; high throughput screening; in vivo; instrumentation; method development; minimally invasive; nanoparticle; product development; programs; rapid diagnosis

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the event of a disaster resulting in the uncontrolled dispersal of radionuclides into the environment, it is imperative that the human population in the vicinity be rapidly screened for internalized nuclear material. Surface smears and nasal swabs are effective as exposure diagnostics for only a short time, leaving the assay of bodily fluids such as urine as the most viable method for determining possible internalization of radionuclides that cannot be detected by standoff means (i.e. those not having gamma or strong beta emissions). The goal of this research effort is to develop and demonstrate advanced materials and methods that will enable rapid high-throughput determination of internalized radionuclides (and the subsequent dose). Initial work will focus upon actinides and 210 Po due to the high radiation doses they impart when internalized and, most significantly, the current inability to quickly and easily detect internalized alpha emitters using stand-off techniques. Our objective is to create a system which would allow for simple, minimally invasive, efficient and reliable capture of radionuclides expressed in urine (and perhaps other fluids such as blood) to aid in the rapid diagnosis of internalized radioisotopes. Direct assay of the radionuclide preconcentrating materials (in a carefully engineered format) would be achieved with commercially available equipment amenable to automation. The time and intensity of analysis could be dynamically adjusted as needed, to allow for performance ranging from rapid high-throughput screening (minutes) to more extensive trace level isotopic assay (lasting hours to days). The research is focused upon 3 aims: 1. To develop and evaluate advanced sorbent materials that will efficiently capture and concentrate radionuclides from human urine and blood to facilitate rapid analysis. 2. To develop methods for utilizing advanced sorbent materials to enable accelerated, noninvasive, high volume assays of radionuclides from human urine and blood. 3. Demonstrate diagnostic assays (fast general screening and trace isotopic) of (spiked) human urine and blood using the best materials and methods developed for the detection of priority radionuclides (actinides and Po) at relevant activity/action levels. The proposed work supports a number of stated NIAID needs such as "Development of minimally-invasive biodosimetric devices and techniques, high-throughput diagnostic systems to rapidly assess levels and types of radiation exposure..." The proposed work also aligns with the "NIAID Radiation Countermeasures Program places a strong emphasis on product development of treatments for radiation injury and biodosimetric techniques for triage of individuals with potential radiation exposure." The proposed research will develop and demonstrate advanced methods and materials that will enable high-throughput screening of large populations for radionuclides which may have been internally deposited in victims' bodies following a nuclear event. It is anticipated that this work will provide the technology for a simple noninvasive "self-sampling" device (such as a dip stick) for bodily fluids like urine that could be directly submitted for rapid (minutes) on-site screening of high exposures as well as more extensive measurement for the determination of trace levels of internalized nuclear material (and subsequent resulting radiation dose).

描述(由申请人提供)：如果发生灾难，导致放射性核素不受控制地扩散到环境中，必须迅速对附近人口进行内化核材料筛查。表面涂片和鼻拭子作为暴露诊断的有效时间很短，使得尿液等体液分析成为最可行的方法，以确定无法通过对峙手段(即不具有伽马或强烈贝塔辐射的放射性核素)检测到的放射性核素的可能内化。这项研究工作的目标是开发和展示先进的材料和方法，使快速高通量测定内化放射性核素(以及随后的剂量)成为可能。最初的工作将集中在氡化物和210Po上，因为它们在内化时会产生高辐射剂量，而且最重要的是，目前无法使用隔离技术快速而轻松地检测内化的阿尔法发射体。我们的目标是创建一种系统，允许简单、微创、高效和可靠地捕获尿液(也许还有其他液体，如血液)中表达的放射性核素，以帮助快速诊断内化的放射性同位素。直接分析放射性核素预浓缩材料(采用精心设计的格式)将使用能够实现自动化的商用设备。分析的时间和强度可以根据需要动态调整，以实现从快速高通量筛查(分钟)到更广泛的痕量同位素分析(持续数小时到数天)的各种性能。这项研究主要集中在3个目标：1.开发和评估先进的吸附材料，能够有效地捕获和浓缩人体尿液和血液中的放射性核素，以便于快速分析。2.开发利用先进吸附材料的方法，以实现对人体尿液和血液中放射性核素的快速、非侵入性、大容量分析。3.使用为在相关活动/行动水平上检测优先放射性核素(放线元素和Po)而开发的最佳材料和方法，演示(添加)人体尿液和血液的诊断分析(快速一般筛查和微量同位素)。这项拟议的工作支持了NIAID提出的一些需求，如“开发微创生物剂量测量设备和技术、快速评估辐射暴露水平和类型的高通量诊断系统……”。这项拟议的工作也与NIAID辐射对策计划相一致，该计划非常重视辐射损伤治疗的产品开发和对潜在辐射暴露的个人进行分类的生物剂量学技术。拟议的研究将开发和展示先进的方法和材料，以便能够对大量人口进行高通量的放射性核素筛查，这些核素可能在核事件发生后储存在受害者体内。预计这项工作将为尿液等体液提供一种简单的非侵入性“自我采样”设备(如浸渍棒)，可直接提交用于高暴露的快速(分钟)现场筛查，以及更广泛的测量，以确定内在化核材料的痕量水平(以及随后产生的辐射剂量)。