Screening Preschool Disruptive Behaviors

筛查学前破坏性行为

• 批准号: 7988331
• 负责人: MICHELLE M MARTEL
• 金额: $ 6.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7988331
• 关键词: Advertisements; Affect; Age; Anger; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral Symptoms; California; Child; Child Behavior; Cognitive; Depressed mood; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Digit structure; Disease; Disruptive Behavior Disorder; Early identification; Early treatment; Emotions; Evaluation; Exhibits; Future; Goals; Hyperactive behavior; Impulsivity; Individual Differences; Interview; Laboratories; Lead; Measures; Mediating; Newspapers; Nursery Schools; Oppositional Defiant Disorder; Parents; Persons; Problem behavior; Procedures; Q-Sort; Questionnaires; Radio; Recruitment Activity; Risk; Sampling; Schools; Screening procedure; Severities; Shapes; Short-Term Course; Short-Term Memory; Structure; Symptoms; Telephone; Temperament; Testing; Work; base; callous unemotional trait; cognitive control; design; early childhood; improved; inattention; innovation; insight; longitudinal design; programs; public health relevance; response; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal represents a first step in a program of work designed to develop a screening measure to improve early identification of children at risk for severe, persistent or increasing disruptive behavior or attention problems or both (i.e., symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] and/or Oppositional- Defiant Disorder [ODD]). The primary aim tested is that temperamental traits and cognitive control will differentiate children at risk for severe, persistent or increasing symptoms of disruptive behavior and/or attention problems over one year. Subsidiary aims include: 1) examination of whether temperament trait and cognitive control profiles vary as a function of diagnostic status and 2) evaluation of whether individual differences in temperament traits and cognitive control predict the one-year course of severe preschool disruptive behaviors over and above initial symptom levels. Distinct temperamental and cognitive factors are expected to be associated with each diagnosis and changes in their symptom levels. Children with severe, persistent or increasing attention problems (ADHD) will be characterized by low levels of trait and cognitive control, while children with severe, persistent or increasing oppositional-defiance and hyperactivity-impulsivity (ODD or ADHD+ODD) will be characterized by high levels of negative emotionality and approach. Using a one- year short-term longitudinal design, a sample of 120 children between the ages of three and six will be recruited via newspaper, radio, and posted advertisements until a target of at least 30 children per diagnostic group (i.e., ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and non-ADHD/ODD) is reached. During the initial in-person assessment, parents will complete a semi-structured diagnostic interview to evaluate children's diagnostic status. Temperament will be measured using the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (observational ratings), the California Q-Sort (examiner ratings), and the Child Behavior Questionnaire (parent ratings). Cognitive control will be measured by having the children complete four tasks: Shape School and Snack Delay will measure response inhibition, Digit Span will measure working memory, and Trails-P will measure set- shifting. At six months and one year following the initial assessment, the diagnostic interview will be conducted with parents again, over the telephone. Analyses will evaluate the utility of incorporating temperament and cognitive control measures with standard diagnostic screening measures to improve prediction of the one-year course of severe preschool disruptive behaviors. This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate whether the short-term course of preschool disruptive behaviors can be predicted by initial status on temperament traits and cognitive control. The current study will evaluate whether the incorporation of temperament and cognitive control assessment into standard diagnostic batteries will enable better prediction of the course of severe disruptive behavior problems, thereby improving the ability to identify children who would benefit most from early intervention. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The current proposal seeks to evaluate temperament and cognitive control as mechanisms of preschool disruptive behaviors (inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional-defiance; Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Oppositional-Defiant Disorder). The integration of temperament and cognitive mechanisms of preschool disruptive behavior disorders with standard diagnostic assessment procedures may allow for more accurate prediction of the one-year course of disruptive behavior problems and thus more accurately identify those children who would benefit most from early intervention.

描述(由申请人提供)：这项提案是工作计划的第一步，旨在制定一项筛查措施，以改进对患有严重、持续或日益严重的破坏性行为或注意力问题(即注意力缺陷/多动障碍[ADHD]和/或对立违抗障碍[ODD]的症状)的儿童的早期识别。测试的主要目的是，气质特征和认知控制将在一年内区分有严重、持续或不断增加的破坏性行为和/或注意力问题症状的儿童。辅助目标包括：1)检查气质特征和认知控制特征是否随着诊断状态的变化而变化，以及2)评估气质特征和认知控制的个体差异是否可以预测超过初始症状水平的严重学龄前破坏行为的一年病程。不同的气质和认知因素预计与每一种诊断和症状水平的变化有关。患有严重、持续或日益严重的注意问题(ADHD)的儿童的特征是低水平的特质和认知控制，而严重、持续或日益严重的对立-违抗和多动-冲动(ODD或ADHD+ODD)儿童的特征将是高水平的负面情绪和接近。采用为期一年的短期纵向设计，将通过报纸、广播和张贴广告招募120名3至6岁儿童的样本，直到达到每个诊断组至少30名儿童(即ADHD、ODD、ADHD+ODD和非ADHD/ODD)的目标。在最初的面对面评估中，家长将完成半结构化诊断面谈，以评估孩子的诊断状态。气质将使用实验室气质评估组合(观察性评级)、加利福尼亚州Q-Sort(考官评级)和儿童行为问卷(家长评级)进行测量。认知控制将通过让儿童完成四项任务来衡量：Shape School和Snack Delay将衡量反应抑制，Digit Span将衡量工作记忆，Trails-P将衡量定势转移。在最初评估后的6个月和1年内，将通过电话再次与父母进行诊断性访谈。分析将评估将气质和认知控制措施与标准诊断筛查措施相结合的有效性，以提高对严重学龄前破坏行为一年病程的预测。本研究首次综合评价了气质特征和认知控制的初始状态能否预测幼儿破坏性行为的短期进程。目前的研究将评估将气质和认知控制评估纳入标准诊断电池是否能够更好地预测严重破坏性行为问题的过程，从而提高识别谁将从早期干预中受益最大的能力。 公共卫生相关性：目前的提案试图评估气质和认知控制作为学龄前破坏性行为(注意力不集中、多动-冲动和对立-违抗；注意力缺陷/多动障碍和/或对立-违抗障碍)的机制。将学龄前破坏性行为障碍的气质和认知机制与标准的诊断评估程序相结合，可能会更准确地预测破坏性行为问题的一年病程，从而更准确地确定哪些儿童将从早期干预中受益最大。