The Neural Basis of Metacognition

元认知的神经基础

• 批准号: 7924564
• 负责人: Paul G Middlebrooks
• 金额: $ 2.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-06-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7924564
• 关键词: Affect; Alprostadil; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain region; Cells; Cognition; Cognitive; Disease; Exhibits; Eye Movements; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; GABA Agonists; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; Learning; Left; Lesion; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Mechanics; Mentally Disabled Persons; Methods; Mind; Monitor; Monkeys; Muscimol; Neurons; Neurosciences; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Parkinson Disease; Pathology; Patients; Performance; Play; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Psychophysiology; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Self Perception; Site; Son; Testing; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual system structure; Volition; base; clinically relevant; cognitive function; frontal eye fields; improved; meetings; neurophysiology; oculomotor; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans possess the useful ability to monitor and control our own cognition, a phenomenon known as metacognition. This ability is essential to our sense of volition, confidence, and self-awareness, giving metacognition a broad clinical relevance. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and lesion studies suggest which particular brain regions may contribute to metacognitive processes, but the neural basis of metacognition remains to be explored. The primary goal of this proposal is to elucidate neuronal mechanisms underlying metacognition. To do this, existing metacognition behavioral paradigms will be adapted into a visual oculomotor task suitable for neurophysiology. The first specific aim is to test the hypothesis that the new metacognition task elicits metacognitive behavior. An operational definition of metacognitive behavior will be established, and psychophysical results will be analyzed to determine whether they meet the established criteria. The second specific aim is to test the hypothesis that metacognitive processes can be characterized at the single cell level. Single neuron activity will be recorded from specific cortical sites during performance of the metacognition task. Based on cortical regions previously established as important for visual, oculomotor, and higher cognitive functioning, and guided by metacognition fMRI studies, single neurons will be recorded from frontal eye field (FEF), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and supplementary eye field (SEF). Predictions will be tested regarding the types of responses likely to arise in each of these cortical regions. The third specific aim is to establish the functional roles of each of the cortical areas using reversible inactivation during performance of the metacognition task. This researched proposed herein will begin to elucidate the neural basis of metacognition, and will provide a foundation for future metacognition research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The research proposed herein will begin to elucidate the neural basis of metacognition, and will provide a foundation for future metacognition research. Metacognitive deficits have been implicated in a range of pathologies, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the neural basis of metacogntion will help understand how to treat patients with such disorders. Currently, metacognition-based therapies are also being used as a tool to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and to improve learning in mentally disabled individuals.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类拥有监视和控制我们自己的认知的有用能力，这种现象称为元认知。 这种能力对于我们的意志力、信心和自我意识至关重要，赋予元认知广泛的临床相关性。 功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和病变研究表明哪些特定的大脑区域可能有助于元认知过程，但元认知的神经基础仍有待探索。 该提案的主要目标是阐明元认知背后的神经机制。 为此，现有的元认知行为范式将适应适合神经生理学的视觉动眼神经任务。 第一个具体目标是检验新元认知任务引发元认知行为的假设。 将建立元认知行为的操作定义，并对心理物理学结果进行分析以确定它们是否符合既定标准。 第二个具体目标是检验元认知过程可以在单细胞水平上表征的假设。 在执行元认知任务期间，将从特定皮质位点记录单个神经元活动。 根据先前确定的对视觉、动眼神经和高级认知功能重要的皮质区域，并在元认知功能磁共振成像研究的指导下，将从额眼场 (FEF)、背外侧前额叶皮层 (DLPFC) 和辅助眼场 (SEF) 记录单个神经元。 将测试每个皮质区域可能出现的反应类型的预测。 第三个具体目标是在执行元认知任务期间利用可逆失活来确定每个皮质区域的功能作用。 本文提出的这项研究将开始阐明元认知的神经基础，并为未来的元认知研究提供基础。 公共卫生相关性：本文提出的研究将开始阐明元认知的神经基础，并将为未来的元认知研究奠定基础。元认知缺陷与一系列疾病有关，例如精神分裂症、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病。了解元认知的神经基础将有助于了解如何治疗患有此类疾病的患者。目前，基于元认知的疗法也被用作治疗强迫症、创伤后应激障碍和改善智障人士学习的工具。