Responsible Record Keeping Practices: Standards & Practices of Funded Researchers

描述（由申请人提供）：研究的完整性要求研究是可验证和可复制的。良好的研究记录使这成为可能。最近的研究，包括我们自己的研究，都表明，在公认的良好研究记录标准和工作中的科学家的实际实践之间存在着很大的差距。在我们之前的研究中，我们专注于研究不当行为调查中涉及的记录保存实践。在不当行为调查期间经常发现记录保存问题，并确定了具体类型的记录保存问题。这些结果可能仅限于被调查的研究人员，也可能是一个更广泛问题的迹象。为了回答这个问题，这个项目将比较来自不同领域的600名小灵通资助的科学家的具体理想做法（标准）和实际的记录保存做法。我们之前的工作已经确定了（与工作科学家的焦点小组确认）一些具体的记录保存实践，这些实践通常适用于各个领域。这使我们能够在研究小组领导的水平上开发一份问卷（Schreier， Wilson和Resnik， 2006），可以由不同的研究人员群体有意义地回答。通过将研究人员报告的实际情况与他们向新研究人员推荐的标准（理想标准）进行比较，我们将能够确定研究人员通常遵循的标准和那些更有问题的标准。我们还将评估偏离理想标准给研究人员带来的耗时问题的程度和类型。由于研究结果将普遍适用于学术研究，因此应为相关研究者、RCR教育者和政策制定者提供实践指导。最后，我们考察了良好的记录保存实践在科学世代之间的传播。受访者将被要求指出他们正在指导的博士后和研究生。通过比较导师和学生的观点，我们将能够评估标准传递系统是否在它应该最强大的地方（顶尖的研究人员和他们的顶尖学生）发挥作用。在我们之前的研究中，我们采访了来自主要研究型大学的96名研究诚信官员，并将结果呈现给四个由活跃和多样化的教员研究人员组成的焦点小组。这使我们能够开发1)一套记录保存的最佳实践，2)对不同学科的研究人员有意义的实际实践和理想记录保存标准的度量，以及3)使我们提出的研究与活跃的联邦资助研究人员的日常工作相兼容的研究设计。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The integrity of research requires that research studies be verifiable and replicable. Good research records make this possible. Recent studies, including our own, have suggested that there is a large gap between recognized standards for good research records and actual practice among working scientists. In our prior studies we focused on record keeping practices involved in research misconduct investigations. Record keeping problems were often discovered during misconduct investigations and specific types of record keeping problems were identified. These results could be limited to researchers being investigated or it could be an indication of a wider problem. To answer this question, this project will compare specific ideal practices (standards) with the actual practices of record keeping of 600 PHS funded scientists from a variety of fields. Our prior work has identified (confirmed with focus groups of working scientists) a number of specific record keeping practices which are generally applicable across fields. This has allowed us to develop a questionnaire at the level of research group leaders (Schreier, Wilson and Resnik, 2006) that can be answered meaningfully by a diverse group of researchers. By comparing what researchers report actually happens in their research with the standards they would recommend to new researchers (ideal standards), we will be able to identify those standards to which researchers routinely adhere and those that are more problematic. We will also assess the extent and type of time consuming problems that deviations from ideal standards create for researchers. Since the results will be generally applicable to academic research, they should provide practical guidance to concerned researchers, RCR educators & policy makers. Finally we examine the transmission of good record keeping practices between scientific generations. Respondents will be asked to identify post-docs and graduate students they are mentoring. By comparing the view of the mentors with the views of their mentees, we will be able to assess if the system of transmitting standards is working at the point where it should be strongest (top researchers with their top students). In our prior studies we interviewed 96 research integrity officials from major research universities, and presented the results to four focus groups of active and diverse faculty researchers. This has allowed us to develop 1) a set of Best Practices for record keeping, 2) measures of real practices and ideal record keeping standards meaningful to researchers in diverse academic disciplines and 3) a research design that makes our proposed study compatible with the daily routines of active federally funded researchers.