Dysfunctional Motor Automaticity in Focal Hand Dystonia in Musicians

音乐家局灶性手肌张力障碍的运动自动化功能障碍

• 批准号: 8717066
• 负责人: Molly Jaynes
• 金额: $ 4.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8717066
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Attention; Body Regions; Brain; Cognitive; Conscious; Control Groups; Disease; Dorsal; Dystonia; Equilibrium; Etiology; Exercise; Fingers; Freedom; Future; Goals; Hand; Impairment; Incidence; Instruction; Involuntary Movements; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Measures; Motion; Motor; Movement; Movement Disorders; Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Neurologic; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Resources; Risk; Role; Side; Smooth Muscle; Speed; Staging; Structure; Structure of nail of finger; Testing; Thinking; Time; Work; abnormal involuntary movement; base; career; cognitive control; directed attention; executive function; expectation; experience; instrument; kinematics; motor control; motor learning; musician; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; novel; public health relevance; sequence learning; skills

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing unwanted involuntary movements. The disorder may be focal (affecting one body region) or more generalized; it is likely that the two entities have different etiologies. Focal hand dystonia (FHD) is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions in the fingers and hand. It has increased incidence in instrumental musicians, and, when it occurs in the professional, is usually career ending. Musicians with FHD demonstrate deficiencies in motor learning and an under-activation of brain structures associated with automatic motor control. Motor sequence learning and performance is generally thought to be either under cognitive or automatic control; cognitive control requires attention directed to the motor movements while automatic performance allows freedom for executive function. When playing an instrument, musicians require both cognitive and automatic control over finger movements, so exquisite performance likely takes place at the interface of these two control mechanisms. This project will investigate the role of automatic and cognitive control in FHD. The overall hypothesis is that FHD results from impaired neural circuitry at the interface between cognitive and automatic control of a specific over-learned task. Furthermore, this interface is likely to be less affected in non-focal forms of dystonia. Musicians with FHD, age-matched musicians without dystonia, non-musicians with non-focal dystonia that involve the hand, and non-musicians without dystonia will perform a battery of sequential finger-tapping tasks while wearing an instrumented glove to record detailed movement kinematics. The tasks will probe the variables that differ between cognitive and automatic control: tapping speed, retention, and explicit knowledge of underlying sequence patterns. The results will provide important information about the neural circuitry responsible for loss of motor control in musicians with FHD. Of immediate practical importance, the results of this project will determine whether a cognitive strategy-based therapy may provide benefit for musicians with FHD. Future studies will involve application of these findings to protective learning strategies in the context of skil learning requiring high repetition.

描述（由申请人提供）：肌张力障碍是一种神经运动障碍，其特征为持续或间歇性肌肉收缩，导致不必要的不自主运动。这种疾病可能是局灶性的（影响身体的一个区域）或更广泛的;很可能这两个实体有不同的病因。局灶性手肌张力障碍（FHD）的特征在于手指和手部的不自主肌肉收缩。它在器乐音乐家中的发病率有所增加，当它发生在专业音乐家中时，通常是职业生涯的结束。患有FHD的音乐家表现出运动学习的缺陷和与自动运动控制相关的大脑结构的激活不足。运动序列的学习和表现通常被认为是在认知或自动控制下进行的;认知控制需要注意运动动作，而自动表现则允许执行功能的自由。在演奏乐器时，音乐家需要对手指运动进行认知和自动控制，因此精致的演奏可能发生在这两种控制机制的界面上。这个项目将研究自动和认知控制在FHD中的作用。总体假设是，FHD的结果从受损的神经回路之间的接口认知和自动控制的一个特定的过度学习的任务。此外，该界面可能在非局灶性形式的肌张力障碍中受影响较小。患有FHD的音乐家，年龄匹配的无肌张力障碍的音乐家，患有涉及手的非焦点性肌张力障碍的非音乐家，以及无肌张力障碍的非音乐家将执行一系列连续的手指敲击任务，同时佩戴仪器手套以记录详细的运动学。这些任务将探索认知和自动控制之间的差异变量：敲击速度，保留和潜在序列模式的明确知识。研究结果将为音乐家失去运动控制的神经回路提供重要信息 关于FHD具有直接实际意义的是，该项目的结果将确定基于认知策略的治疗是否可以为患有FHD的音乐家提供益处。未来的研究将涉及应用这些研究结果的背景下，需要高重复的技能学习的保护性学习策略。