Evaluating Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design For Youth Violence Prevention

摘要 流行病学研究人员指出，青少年暴力伤害(YVI)是#年的一个重大公共卫生问题。 与郊区和农村环境相比，美国城市环境中的青少年暴力发生率更高。 经济资源的减少和许多城市中心的迁出往往会造成环境、社会、 以及与伊维相关的经济状况。CPTED是一项预防青少年暴力的战略，改变了 物质和社会环境，以促进可防御空间和威慑伊维人。物理CPTED战略 包括属地(定义所有权)、监视(视线、照明)、访问控制(路径、入口) 和目标加固(锁、栅栏)。社会CPTED战略包括凝聚力(邻里问题 解决、解决冲突)、文化(社区活动和纪念活动)、连通性(与 社区机构)、参与(居民参与规划和实施)。我们申请 繁忙街道理论(即，积极的邻里社会过程，包括居民互动和 参与，促进社会资源以创造安全环境)，以了解 减少YVI的物质和社会CPTED战略。我们将使用我们最初的犯罪预防中的数据 通过环境设计(CPTED)研究更深入地检查我们的数据，了解CPTED如何 可以防止伊维人出现在城市走廊上。我们用新的目标扩展我们的研究，因为我们检查： 1)关于伊维人的物质和社会CPTED战略的强度；2)基本机制(即 身体障碍、居民参与和感知)，将CPTED与Yvi减少联系起来；以及3)测试 物理和社会CPTED对Yvi减少的协同效应。我们最初的研究是在密歇根州弗林特进行的， 与当地联盟合作，暴力犯罪率高、经济困难的城市(大学 大道走廊联盟(UACC)居民、社区团体、教堂、医院和两个小 大学。我们将评估物理和社会CPTED战略在441个街道段的影响 UACC地区，重点是从急诊室治疗记录和警察事件受害情况看伊维 数据。我们还将调查物理和社会CPTED是否改善了居住社区 参与度，对邻居的看法，以及可能与伊维相关的身体障碍。 最后，我们将研究社会和物理CPTED战略的相互作用，以了解它们可能 共同行动，增强彼此的影响力，预防伊维病。

Abstract Epidemiological researchers have indicated that youth violent injury (YVI) is a significant public health issue in the U.S. Rates of youth violence are higher in urban environments compared to suburban and rural settings. Declining economic resources and out-migration from many urban centers often create environmental, social, and economic conditions associated with YVI. CPTED is a youth violence prevention strategy that changes physical and social environments to promote defensible space and deter YVI. Physical CPTED strategies include territoriality (defined ownership), surveillance (sightlines, lighting), access control (paths, entryways), and target hardening (locks, fencing). Social CPTED strategies include cohesion (neighborhood problem solving, conflict resolution), culture (community events and commemorations), connectivity (linkages with community agencies), and participation (residents' engagement in planning and implementation). We apply Busy Streets Theory (i.e., positive neighborhood social processes, including resident interaction and participation, that foster social resources to create safe environments) to understand the effectiveness of physical and social CPTED strategies in reducing YVI. We will use data from our original Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) study to examine our data in more-depth to understand how CPTED may operate to prevent YVI in an urban corridor. We extend our research with new aims because we examine: 1) the intensity of physical and social CPTED strategies on YVI; 2) the underlying mechanisms (i.e., changes in physical disorder, resident engagement and perception) that links CPTED to YVI reduction; and 3) test the synergistic effects of physical and social CPTED on YVI reduction. We conducted our original study in Flint, MI, an economically challenged city with high rates of violent crime, in partnership with a local coalition (University Avenue Corridor Coalition- UACC) of residents, community groups, churches, hospitals, and two small universities. We will evaluate the effect of physical and social CPTED strategies across 441 street segments in the UACC area with a focus on YVI from emergency room treatment records and police incident victimization data. We will also investigate whether physical and social CPTED improves residential community engagement, perceptions about the neighborhood, and physical disorder that may be associate with YVI. Lastly, we will examine the interaction of social and physical CPTED strategies to understand they may operate together to enhance the influence of each other for preventing YVI.