Evaluating Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design For Youth Violence Prevention

通过预防青少年暴力的环境设计评估犯罪预防

• 批准号: 9796309
• 负责人: THOMAS M REISCHL
• 金额: $ 7.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-08 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9796309
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Address; Age; Area; Church; Cities; Communities; Crime; Data; Data Sources; Disease; Economic Conditions; Economics; Effectiveness; Environment; Epidemiology; Event; Fostering; Growth; Hospitals; Injury; Life; Lighting; Link; Long-Term Effects; Maintenance; Mediating; Mediation; Michigan; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Out-Migrations; Ownership; Pathway interactions; Perception; Physical environment; Police; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Problem Solving; Property; Public Health; Records; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resources; Social Conditions; Social Environment; Social Interaction; Social Processes; Surveys; Territoriality; Testing; Time; Universities; Victimization; Violence; Violent injury; Youth; cohesion; conflict resolution; design; evidence base; gun violence; improved; injury prevention; innovation; longitudinal analysis; mortality; neighborhood safety; physical assault; prevent; prospective; reduce youth violence; rural setting; social; social engagement; suburb; theories; therapy design; tool; urban setting; violent crime; virtual; youth violence; youth violence prevention

Abstract Epidemiological researchers have indicated that youth violent injury (YVI) is a significant public health issue in the U.S. Rates of youth violence are higher in urban environments compared to suburban and rural settings. Declining economic resources and out-migration from many urban centers often create environmental, social, and economic conditions associated with YVI. CPTED is a youth violence prevention strategy that changes physical and social environments to promote defensible space and deter YVI. Physical CPTED strategies include territoriality (defined ownership), surveillance (sightlines, lighting), access control (paths, entryways), and target hardening (locks, fencing). Social CPTED strategies include cohesion (neighborhood problem solving, conflict resolution), culture (community events and commemorations), connectivity (linkages with community agencies), and participation (residents' engagement in planning and implementation). We apply Busy Streets Theory (i.e., positive neighborhood social processes, including resident interaction and participation, that foster social resources to create safe environments) to understand the effectiveness of physical and social CPTED strategies in reducing YVI. We will use data from our original Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) study to examine our data in more-depth to understand how CPTED may operate to prevent YVI in an urban corridor. We extend our research with new aims because we examine: 1) the intensity of physical and social CPTED strategies on YVI; 2) the underlying mechanisms (i.e., changes in physical disorder, resident engagement and perception) that links CPTED to YVI reduction; and 3) test the synergistic effects of physical and social CPTED on YVI reduction. We conducted our original study in Flint, MI, an economically challenged city with high rates of violent crime, in partnership with a local coalition (University Avenue Corridor Coalition- UACC) of residents, community groups, churches, hospitals, and two small universities. We will evaluate the effect of physical and social CPTED strategies across 441 street segments in the UACC area with a focus on YVI from emergency room treatment records and police incident victimization data. We will also investigate whether physical and social CPTED improves residential community engagement, perceptions about the neighborhood, and physical disorder that may be associate with YVI. Lastly, we will examine the interaction of social and physical CPTED strategies to understand they may operate together to enhance the influence of each other for preventing YVI.

摘要 流行病学研究人员指出，青年暴力伤害（YVI）是一个重大的公共卫生问题， 美国城市环境中的青少年暴力率高于郊区和农村环境。 经济资源的减少和许多城市中心的向外移民往往造成环境、社会、 与YVI相关的经济条件。CPTED是一项青年暴力预防战略， 物理和社会环境，以促进防御空间和阻止YVI。物理CPTED策略 包括领土（确定所有权）、监视（视线、照明）、访问控制（路径、入口） 和目标强化（锁，围栏）。社会CPTED策略包括凝聚力（邻里问题 解决冲突）、文化（社区活动和纪念活动）、连通性（与 社区机构）和参与（居民参与规划和实施）。我们应用 忙碌街道理论（即，积极的邻里社会进程，包括居民互动， 参与，促进社会资源，创造安全的环境），以了解 减少YVI的物质和社会CPTED战略。我们将使用我们最初的犯罪预防数据 通过环境设计（CPTED）研究，更深入地研究我们的数据，了解CPTED如何 可以防止城市走廊的YVI。我们扩展我们的研究与新的目标，因为我们研究： 1)物理和社会CPTED战略对YVI的强度; 2）潜在机制（即，变化 身体障碍，居民参与和感知），将CPTED与YVI减少联系起来;以及3）测试 物理和社会CPTED对YVI减少的协同效应。我们在密歇根州弗林特进行了最初的研究， 一个经济困难的城市，暴力犯罪率高，与当地联盟合作（大学 大道走廊联盟- UACC）的居民，社区团体，教堂，医院，和两个小 高校我们将评估441个街道段的物理和社会CPTED策略的效果， UACC领域，重点是来自急诊室治疗记录和警察事件受害的YVI 数据我们还将调查物理和社会CPTED是否改善居住社区 参与，对邻居的看法，以及可能与YVI有关的身体障碍。 最后，我们将研究社会和物理CPTED策略的相互作用，以了解它们可能 共同发挥作用，增强彼此的影响力，预防YVI。