Determining the overlap between latent behavioral and neural changes in executive control in middle childhood

确定童年中期执行控制的潜在行为和神经变化之间的重叠

• 批准号: 9807313
• 负责人: Caron Ann Campbell Clark
• 金额: $ 7.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-08 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9807313
• 关键词: 10 year old; 37 weeks gestation; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Architecture; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Childhood; Classification Scheme; Cognitive; Complex; Crystallization; Data; Data Set; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Dorsal; Episodic memory; Executive Dysfunction; Factor Analysis; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Genetic; Gestational Age; Goals; Growth; Hormonal; Impairment; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Language; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mental disorders; Mind; Mission; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Nature; Parietal; Pathway Analysis; Performance; Phenotype; Premature Birth; Prevention; Process; Psychopathology; Research Domain Criteria; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Sampling; Self Perception; Self-Direction; Short-Term Memory; Statistical Models; Structure; Support System; System; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Work; age group; aged; base; behavior measurement; cognitive ability; cognitive development; cognitive process; cognitive skill; cognitive system; cost effective; course development; deviant; early adolescence; early childhood; executive function; flexibility; insight; middle childhood; network models; neural network; neural patterning; neurodevelopment; neurophysiology; processing speed; prognostic; psychologic; relating to nervous system; segregation; skills; support network

Almost all forms of mental illness involve impairments in executive control (EC), the higher-level cognitive processes that support adaptive, self-regulated, goal-directed behavior. During middle childhood, both the cognitive EC system and the brain networks that support self-regulation undergo dramatic growth and reorganization. Sophisticated latent statistical modeling techniques show that children progressively draw on a wider array of specialized, proactive processes, including working memory and flexible attention, to perform executive tasks. At a neural level, children also show more clearly differentiated activity between task-positive central executive and dorsal attention networks, which support top-down, externally focused attention, and the task-negative default mode network, which supports internal self-awareness, episodic memory, and reflection. What remains unknown is whether observed changes in the structure of behaviorally-measured EC are reflective of these changes in neural network organization and whether measures of this specialization process may help to identify children at risk for psychopathology. To address these questions, the proposed study will capitalize on behavioral and resting state fMRI data from wave 1 of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, which includes over 11,000, US representative, 9 to 10 year-olds. First, the study will use sophisticated latent statistical modeling to determine whether a unique, specialized EC construct can be clearly segregated and differentiated from other cognitive skills (language, episodic memory) that also are developing rapidly during this age period. This modeling approach will produce a more refined measure of EC that is situated within the cognitive system as a whole. Second, this robust measure of latent, behavioral EC will be correlated with measures of functional neural network segregation to test the hypothesis that higher levels of EC are associated with higher levels of neural network specialization and flexibility. Specifically, analyses will determine whether children with higher latent EC, independent of other cognitive abilities, show more negative correlations between task-positive and task-negative neural networks. Finally, the study will examine whether lower gestational age, a well-established risk factor for atypical neural development, EC impairments, and psychopathology, is associated with lower levels of specialization and differentiation of EC and associated neural networks. By accomplishing these objectives, the study will provide a clearer picture of the nature of these critically important EC processes in this key period of transition to between childhood and adolescence. Through its unprecedented integration of complex latent statistical modeling at the behavioral level with network analysis at the level of the brain, the study will also clarify whether the process of EC specialization and segregation may be marker of risk for psychopathology, thereby aligning with NIMH’s mission to develop dimensional classification schemes and pinpoint promising targets for intervention.

几乎所有形式的精神疾病都涉及执行控制（EC）（更高水平的认知）的损害 支持适应性，自我调节，目标导向行为的过程。在童年中期， 认知EC系统和支持自我调节的大脑网络经历了戏剧性的增长， 重组。复杂的潜在统计建模技术表明，儿童逐渐利用 更广泛的专业化，积极主动的过程，包括工作记忆和灵活的注意力，以执行 执行任务。在神经水平上，儿童也表现出更明显的任务积极和积极之间的差异活动。 中央执行和背侧注意力网络，支持自上而下，外部集中注意力， 任务负默认模式网络，支持内部自我意识，情景记忆和反思。 目前尚不清楚的是，观察到的行为测量EC结构的变化是否 反映了神经网络组织中的这些变化，以及这种专门化过程的测量是否 可能有助于识别有精神病理风险的儿童。为了解决这些问题，拟议的研究将 利用来自青少年大脑和认知的第1波的行为和静息状态fMRI数据， 发展（ABCD）研究，其中包括超过11,000，美国代表，9至10岁的孩子。第一，研究 将使用复杂的潜在统计模型来确定一个独特的，专门的EC结构是否可以 与其他认知技能（语言，情景记忆）明确分离和区分， 在这个年龄段迅速发展。这种建模方法将产生一个更精确的测量EC 它位于整个认知系统中。第二，这种对潜在的、行为的电子商务的强有力的衡量， 将与功能性神经网络隔离的测量相关，以检验更高的 EC水平与神经网络专业化和灵活性的更高水平相关。具体地说， 分析将确定具有较高潜伏EC的儿童，独立于其他认知能力，是否表现出 任务正性和任务负性神经网络之间的负相关性更高。最后，研究将 检查是否较低的胎龄，非典型神经发育的一个公认的危险因素，EC 损伤和精神病理学与EC的专业化和分化水平较低有关 以及相关的神经网络。通过实现这些目标，研究将更清楚地了解 这些至关重要的EC过程的性质，在这个关键时期的过渡到童年和 青春期通过其前所未有的复杂潜在的统计建模集成在行为 随着网络层次分析在大脑层次的研究，也将阐明EC的过程是否 专业化和隔离可能是精神病理学风险标志，从而与NIMH的 使命是制定空间分类方案，并确定有希望的干预目标。