Organic Polymerization Catalysis: Precision Macromolecules for Recognition in Biological Systems

人们对合成药物的结构和体系结构缺乏基本的理解， 聚合物影响生物系统中的识别。此外，在这两个国家之间存在着脱节。 聚合物在溶液和固态中的性质及其与生物系统的关系。 了解合成聚合物的构象动力学如何增强生物识别， 先进的领域，包括靶向药物输送，抗菌剂和组织工程。然而，获得 解决这一根本性差距所需的知识首先需要综合能力 通过生物相容性方法制造精密的大分子和支架。这个项目的长期目标是 是建立一种模块化聚合技术，使用有机光催化剂，用于3D打印支架 具有针对肺组织的精确定义的分子、化学、机械和几何特性 修复这项研究计划的中心假设是，使用我们的生物相容性照片的能力- 介导聚合技术，用于在几种不同的材料上3D打印具有限定组分的支架 长度尺度将使得能够调整支架以培育组织生长。本申请的总体目标 是推进我们的聚合技术，使用有机光催化剂来介导无金属原子转移 通过流动化学实现立体特异性自由基聚合的自由基聚合 反应工程设计由于具有合成功能多样的有规立构聚合物的能力， 将确定聚合物立构规整度对其抗微生物活性和对细菌的选择性的影响， 与哺乳动物细胞相容。通过催化剂的开发和单体范围的扩大， 建立了一种照相光刻方法，以在化学品中写入不同二维和三维聚合物图案 通过单体的选择。此外，我们将溶液中的聚合物连接到那些 在固态下将研究分子刷共聚物作为中间大分子， 这两种形式的特征相似。我们将把这些分子刷状共聚物引入生物学中， 系统，以探索它们与我们的并行细胞中的离散聚合物链之间的差异 问题研究这些发现将有助于解决聚合物的基本结构特征，以产生有效的固体聚合物。 组织工程支架。这项研究的创新是在我们的方法论基础上建立的。 小组的基础和正在进行的工作，开发一种有机催化的原子转移自由基聚合， 其有望产生用于引入生物医学应用的新材料。这样做的理由 研究是，它带来了新的材料，只有通过我们的发展， 聚合技术，这将允许设计和合成的聚合物，更有效地模仿 增强生物识别的自然系统。

There is a fundamental lack of understanding in how the structure and architecture of a synthetic polymer influences recognition in biological systems. Furthermore, there is a disconnection between the properties of polymers in solution and the solid state with their relationships with biological systems. Understanding how the conformational dynamics of a synthetic polymer can enhance biological recognition will advance fields including targeted drug delivery, antimicrobial agents, and tissue engineering. However, gaining the knowledge required to address this fundamental gap first necessitates the capability to synthesize precision macromolecules and scaffolds through a biocompatible approach. The long-term goal of this project is to establish a modular polymerization technology, using organic photocatalysts, for 3D printing of scaffolds with precisely defined molecular, chemical, mechanical, and geometric properties targeting lung tissue restoration. The central hypothesis of this research program is that the ability to use our biocompatible photo- mediated polymerization technology for 3D printing of scaffolds with defined components over several different length scales will enable tuning the scaffold for nurturing tissue growth. The overall objective of this application is to advance our polymerization technology using organic photocatalysts to mediate a metal free atom transfer radical polymerization en route to realizing a stereospecfic radical polymerization through flow chemistry reaction engineering design. With the capability to synthesize functionally diverse stereoregular polymers, we will determine the effects of polymer tacticity on their antimicrobial activity and selectivity for bacteria and compatibility with mammalian cells. Through catalyst development and expansion of monomer scope, we will establish a photographic photolithography approach to write distinct 2 and 3D polymer patterns in chemical composition through monomer selection. Furthermore, our approach to connect polymers in solution to those in the solid state will investigate molecular brush copolymers as intermediate macromolecules that possess characteristics similar to both forms. We will introduce these molecular brush copolymers into biological systems to explore the differences between them and the discrete polymer chains from our concurrent cell studies. These findings will help resolve the essential structural features of polymers to yield efficient solid state scaffolds for tissue engineering. The innovation of this research is within the methodology built upon our group’s foundational and ongoing work of developing an organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization, which promises to yield new materials for introduction in biomedical applications. The rationale for this research is that it brings forth new materials that are only accessible through the development of our polymerization technology, which will allow the design and synthesis of polymers that more efficiently mimic natural systems for enhanced biological recognition.