Chemiexcitation: A New Mode of Skin Disease
Chemiexcitation: A New Mode of Skin Disease
批准号:
9381852
负责人:
DOUGLAS E BRASH
金额:
$58.71万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-09-01 至 2021-07-31
关键词:
Adverse eventBiochemicalBiochemistryBiologicalBioluminescenceBiophysicsBody TemperatureCarcinogensCell DeathCellsCessation of lifeChemicalsChemistryCicatrixDNADNA DamageDNA lesionDNA photoproductsDarknessDiseaseElectronsEnergy TransferEnzyme ActivationEnzymesEpidemiologyEpigenetic ProcessEventFirefliesFlavinsFree RadicalsGenerationsGenesHair ColorHemorrhageHourHumanHypertrophic CicatrixInflammationInjuryKnowledgeLeadLightLinkMAPK8 geneMalignant NeoplasmsMammalsMelaninsMelatoninMolecularMutationNADPH OxidaseNitric OxideNitrogenNon-MalignantOperative Surgical ProceduresOxidantsOxygenPathogenesisPathologic ProcessesPathway interactionsPeroxonitritePersonsPharmaceutical PreparationsPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesPhosphorylationPhotonsPigmentsPlayPrevalenceProcessPsoriasisPyrimidine DimersReactionReperfusion InjuryReportingResearch PersonnelRoleSchemeScienceSerotoninSignal TransductionSkinSunlightSuperoxidesTestingTissuesTraumaTryptophanUV Radiation ExposureUV inducedUlcerUltraviolet B RadiationUltraviolet RaysVariantVascular blood supplyWorkWound Healingcarbonyl groupcarcinogenicitycell behaviorcell killingeumelaninfootmelanocytemelanomanovelpathogenpheomelaninphotoionizationpreventquantumreceptorresponseskin disordertriplet state
中文摘要
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英文摘要
Project Summary
A new disease process – chemiexcitation – has been found to contribute to melanoma, prompting the current
proposal to understand its chemistry and determine its role in additional skin disorders such as excessive
scarring in burn wounds or tissue death after a temporary loss of blood supply. Chemiexcitation is the chemical
excitation of an electron to a high-energy quantum state. This process underlies the bioluminescence of a
firefly, but it had never been seen in mammals. Recently researchers discovered that, in the skin cells that
provide skin and hair color (melanocytes), sunlight's ultraviolet radiation (UV) activates two enzymes to
synthesize the free radicals nitric oxide and superoxide. These combine to form peroxynitrite, a strong oxidant
that is one of the few biological molecules able to excite an electron to a high energy state. Peroxynitrite then
creates a strained dioxetane ring (C–O–O–C) on fragments of melanin pigment. The ring spontaneously
breaks to yield two carbonyls (C=O). One carbonyl acquires the energy – the chemiexcitation step – and ends
in a quantum "triplet state" that has the energy of a UV photon but transfers this energy directly to DNA. There,
the energy creates cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), a type of DNA damage that leads to mutations, cell
death, and altered cell behavior. This process can continue for hours after a person leaves the beach, making
melanin carcinogenic as well as protective. Yet inflammation and temporary blood loss can also create nitric
oxide and superoxide, raising the possibility that chemiexcitation's role in disease extends well beyond sunlight
and cancer.
The present proposal seeks to solidify biologists' understanding of chemiexcitation events within skin and
explore how the same events can be triggered without UV. The project has three aims: 1) Determine the
photo-enzymatic signaling steps that initiate chemiexcitation. 2) Elucidate the unsolved biochemical steps in
melanocyte chemiexcitation, seek molecules besides melanin that can host chemiexcitation, and identify genes
underlying the variation in response between people. 3) Determine whether skin inflammation can substitute
for UV and whether chemiexcitation therefore plays a role in hypertrophic scarring and ischemia-reperfusion
injury. The results will put chemiexcitation on a firm footing in the setting of skin, and will provide a basis for
investigating triplet-state energy quenchers that dissipate the high energy as heat before it can lead to disease.
期刊论文(0)
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会议论文
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Applying Genomic Dosimeters of UV Damage to Predicting Skin Cancer Risk
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Genomic Sunlight Dosimeters for Melanoma Prevention
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Genomic Sunlight Dosimeters for Melanoma Prevention
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资助金额:$102.16万
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财政年份:2006
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依托单位:
Genomic Sunlight Dosimeters for Melanoma Prevention
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资助金额:$107.75万
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财政年份:2006
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依托单位:
Genomic Sunlight Dosimeters for Melanoma Prevention
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资助金额:$16.08万
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财政年份:2006
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依托单位:
Genomic Sunlight Dosimeters for Melanoma Prevention
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Visualizing Clonal Expansion in Living Mice
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财政年份:2004
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负责人:DOUGLAS E BRASH
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依托单位:
Visualizing Clonal Expansion in Living Mice
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批准号:6930528
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资助金额:$13.86万
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财政年份:2004
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依托单位:
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负责人:DOUGLAS E BRASH
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依托单位:
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$17.1万
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财政年份:1999
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依托单位:
PRECANCEROUS EVENTS IN CLINICALLY NORMAL SKIN
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财政年份:1999
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依托单位:
TRANSFORMATION SPECIFIC APOPTOSIS BY ANTIOXIDANTS
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财政年份:1999
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依托单位:
PRECANCEROUS EVENTS IN CLINICALLY NORMAL SKIN
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财政年份:1999
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依托单位:
TRANSFORMATION SPECIFIC APOPTOSIS BY ANTIOXIDANTS
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海外基金