Type, timing, & turbulence of poverty-related risk: Long-term evidence from CSRP

 描述（由申请人提供）：为了与NIMH和NICHD的使命保持一致，拟议的项目提供测试贫困相关风险的创新模型和RCT早期干预，针对低收入，少数民族青年的关键健康和心理健康结果。总的来说，这个应用程序的目的是促进我们的理解，青年的内在化行为和健康风险的轨迹在一个显着的生命历程过渡（包括8日至10年级）。由于情感障碍的平均发病年龄，以及更广泛的健康风险行为的开始发生在青春期早期，我们计划集中精力预测青少年的健康风险行为和内化问题。该项目的科学和临床重要特征包括有机会泰特关键神经认知机制的作用，这些机制可能交替地导致一些青年人患这些负面健康和心理健康后遗症的风险较低，而其他青年人可能面临更大的风险。在这种方式的框架下，拟议的研究努力确定杠杆的政策和计划，致力于改善低收入社区的青少年的健康。本申请的具体目的包括以下内容。首先，拟议的调查将检查芝加哥学校准备项目（CSRP）的长期影响，这是一项旨在促进低收入学龄前儿童自我调节和心理健康的学前干预的随机对照试验（RCT）（#R01HD046160; n = 602）。治疗引起的增益在特定领域的自我调节，包括情绪调节（ER）和执行功能（EF）的假设，设置青年积极的发展轨迹进入青春期。该项目的第二个目标是测试青少年的健康和心理健康问题的轨迹可能受到一系列与贫困有关的风险因素的严重危害，这些风险因素根据风险类型、风险暴露的时间和动荡（即，风险的波动性）。分析还将测试ER和EF的这些关键神经认知机制是否介导了贫困和早期干预对个体内化和健康风险的影响，以及这些影响是否受到种族/民族，性别和早期监管概况的调节。统计方法将包括测量建模和先进的技术，有助于加强因果关系的索赔和了解随着时间的推移发展。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In keeping with the missions of NIMH and NICHD, the proposed project offers to test innovative models of poverty-related risk and RCT early intervention targeting key health and mental health outcomes among low-income, ethnic minority youth. Overall, this application aims to advance our understanding of youths' trajectories of internalizing behavior and health risk across a salient life course transition (including 8th through 10th grade). Because the average age of onset for affective disorders, and the initiation of a broader array of health risk behaviors occurs in early adolescence, we plan to focus our efforts in predicting youths' health-risk behaviors and internalizing problems. Scientifically and clinically significant features of this project include an the opportunity to tet the role of key neurocognitive mechanisms that may alternately lead some youth to be at lower risk for these negative health and mental health sequelae, while other youth may face greater risk. Framed in this way, the proposed research strives to identify levers for policies and programs devoted to improving the health of adolescents in low-income communities. The specific aims of this application include the following. First, the proposed investigation will examine the long-term impact of the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a preschool intervention designed to foster low-income preschoolers' self-regulation and mental health (#R01HD046160; n = 602). Treatment-induced gains in specific domains of self-regulation including emotion regulation (ER) and executive function (EF) are hypothesized to set youth on positive developmental trajectories into adolescence. The project's second aim is to test ways that youths' trajectories of health and mental health problems may be significantly jeopardized by a range of poverty-related risk factors, defined in terms of type of risk, the timing of risk exposure, and turbulence (i.e., volatility in risk). Analses will also test whether those key neurocognitive mechanisms of ER and EF mediate the impact of poverty and early intervention on individuals' internalizing and health risk, and whether these impacts are moderated by race/ethnicity, gender, and early regulatory profiles. Statistical approaches will include measurement modeling and advanced techniques that help to strengthen causal claims and to understand development over time.