Understanding speech in noise_The roles of aging and attentional entrainment

理解噪声中的语音_衰老和注意力诱导的作用

• 批准号: 9278137
• 负责人: GARY R KIDD
• 金额: $ 32.02万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9278137
• 关键词: Acoustics; Affect; Age; Aging; Attention; Auditory; Behavioral; Brain region; Cognitive; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Elderly; Ensure; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Experimental Models; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Length; Link; Measures; Methods; Noise; Participant; Pattern; Phase; Play; Process; Research; Role; Sampling; Series; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Perception; Structure; Test Result; Testing; Training; age effect; age related; cognitive ability; data modeling; experimental study; hearing impairment; improved; neurophysiology; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; segregation; sound; speech recognition; success; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of the proposed research is to identify the underlying causes of speech understanding problems in older adults. Older listeners, with or without significant hearing loss, often have much greater difficulty understanding speech in the presence of competing sounds than do younger listeners (CHABA, 1988; Dubno et al., 1984; Duquesnoy, 1983). For hearing-impaired listeners, differences in degree of hearing loss (or audibility) account for a large portion of the variance in listeners' ability to understand speech in the presence of competing sounds, but other factors (e.g., cognitive or central auditory factors) play an important role for both hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners (see Houtgast & Festin, 2008; Akeroyd, 2008; Humes, 2007; Humes & Dubno, 2010; Humes, Kidd, & Lentz, 2013). One promising hypothesis, which has received relatively little attention to date, is that effective speech understanding in the presence of competing sounds depends strongly on the ability to follow the temporal structure of an utterance and to accurately anticipate the timing of speech events through a process of attentional entrainment. According to the entrainment hypothesis (see Large & Jones, 1999; McAuley et al., 2006) the ability to attentionally track the temporal patterns of speech helps listeners to perceptually isolate and resolve the details of a single talker's speech by enhancing attention to speech events that correspond to a talker's temporal pattern. Moreover, accurate extrapolation of temporal patterns through inaudible or partially audible portions of an utterance is proposed to facilitate the integration of intermittent "glimpses" of speech by incorporating them in a common temporal framework. This general hypothesis will be investigated through a series of experiments that test the predictions of entrainment theory in a speech context, in combination with a new test battery that assesses individual differences in entrainment ability. A sample of 1000 young and older listeners with and without hearing loss will be tested, using shaped amplification to ensure audibility for hearing- impaired listeners. The project will employ a combination of behavioral and neurophysiological measures to determine how entrainment ability is related to speech understanding, while controlling for individual differences in basic auditory capabilities and cognitive abilities previously shown to be important for speech perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的总体目标是确定老年人言语理解问题的根本原因。老年听众，无论是否患有严重听力损失，在存在竞争声音的情况下通常比年轻听众更难以理解语音（CHABA，1988；Dubno 等，1984；Duquesnoy，1983）。对于听力受损的听众来说，听力损失（或可听度）程度的差异是听众在存在竞争声音的情况下理解语音能力差异的很大一部分原因，但其他因素（例如认知或中枢听觉因素）对于听力受损和听力正常的听众都起着重要作用（参见 Houtgast & Festin，2008；Akeroyd，2008；Humes，2007；Humes &杜布诺, 2010；休姆斯、基德和伦茨，2013）。一个有希望的假设（迄今为止受到的关注相对较少）是，在存在竞争声音的情况下有效的语音理解在很大程度上取决于遵循话语的时间结构并通过注意力夹带过程准确预测语音事件的时间的能力。根据夹带假说（参见 Large & Jones, 1999；McAuley et al., 2006），注意力跟踪语音时间模式的能力可以通过增强对与说话者时间模式相对应的语音事件的注意力，帮助听众在感知上隔离和解析单个说话者语音的细节。此外，提出了通过话语的听不见或部分听得见的部分来准确推断时间模式，以通过将语音的间歇性“一瞥”合并到公共时间框架中来促进语音的间歇性“瞥见”的整合。这一一般假设将通过一系列实验来研究，这些实验在语音环境中测试夹带理论的预测，并结合评估夹带能力个体差异的新测试组。将对 1000 名患有或未患有听力损失的年轻和老年听众进行测试，使用整形扩音技术确保听力受损听众的听力。该项目将结合行为和神经生理学测量来确定夹带能力与言语理解之间的关系，同时控制基本听觉能力和认知能力的个体差异，这些差异先前被证明对言语感知很重要。