Cortical organization of action knowledge before and after brain surgery

脑手术前后的皮层动作知识组织

• 批准号: 9208808
• 负责人: BRADFORD Zack MAHON
• 金额: $ 36.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9208808
• 关键词: Affect; Anterior; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Brain region; Clinical; Data; Dorsal; Environment; Excision; Feedback; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hand; Human; Impairment; Inferior; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Left; Lesion; Life; Lobule; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Modeling; Motor; Nature; Neural Pathways; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychology; Neurosurgeon; Neurosurgical Procedures; Occipital lobe; Operative Surgical Procedures; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Parietal Lobe Neoplasm; Participant; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Pattern; Phonation; Play; Process; Protocols documentation; Quality of life; Research; Research Activity; Role; Sensory; Series; Shapes; Stroke; Structure of middle temporal gyrus; Structure of supramarginal gyrus; Support System; Surface; Surgical incisions; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Visual; Vocabulary; Work; base; behavior measurement; behavior test; brain surgery; brain tumor resection; clinically relevant; efficacy testing; follow-up; grasp; image guided; intraparietal sulcus; neuroimaging; neurosurgery; prognostic; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; repaired; skills; support network; tumor; visual object processing

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to recognize and use objects according to their function (e.g., fork, hammer, pencil) requires coordinated processing across multiple brain regions in temporal, occipital and parietal cortex. Regions in the left parietal lobule are known t support critical aspects of object-directed action, such as grasping and object manipulation. It is known that stroke lesions affecting the left parietal lobule can cause impairments to the ability t manipulate objects correctly according to their function. However, it is not known whether cortical lesions introduced in parietal areas during neurosurgical procedures to remove brain tumors lead to the same types of action impairments. The central clinical goal of this research activity is to carry out the foundational study to determine whether or not corticectomy of parieta cortex to remove brain tumors causes neuropsychological impairments for action knowledge, and whether presurgical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides useful information for mitigating such impairments. The research activity also uses a combination of fMRI and behavioral measures in neurosurgery patients, collected before and after their surgery, to draw causal inferences about how action knowledge is organized and processed in the human brain. The central scientific goal of this research activity is to test a neurocognitive model about how action information is represented in parietal cortex and how it is accessed from visual input. Specific hypotheses are tested about how action representations in the parietal lobule interact in online processing (Aim#1), how visual processing of an object is communicated to parietal action representations (Aim#2), and how action information is stored in parietal cortex (Aim#3). This research program serves two broad goals. First, it will generate a new type of feedback about patient outcome to neurosurgeons that will inform future surgical planning for resection of brain tumors. Importantly, we not only determine whether action impairments are associated with parietal corticectomy, but also test the efficacy of a specific presurgical fMRI protocol for guiding the surgical resection and mitigating the likelihood of disabling action impairments after surgery. Second, hypotheses about the neural organization of object-directed action knowledge are tested, and causal inferences are drawn about the brain processes that support our ability to recognize and manipulate objects according to their function. The results of these investigations have implications for understanding how parietal action systems recover from cortical damage generally (e.g., stroke, TBI). In addition, studying the restricted domain of object- directed action, which has well-established neural substrates, will advance our general understanding of how a brain lesion alters functioning within a broader network, and how network function relates to behavior.

 描述（由申请人提供）：根据对象的功能识别和使用对象的能力（例如，叉子、锤子、铅笔）需要在颞叶、枕叶和顶叶皮层的多个大脑区域进行协调处理。左顶叶中的区域被认为支持物体导向动作的关键方面，例如抓握和物体操纵。是 已知影响左顶叶的中风损伤可导致根据其功能正确操作物体的能力受损。然而，目前尚不清楚在神经外科手术切除脑肿瘤期间在顶叶区域引入的皮质损伤是否会导致相同类型的动作障碍。这项研究活动的中心临床目标是进行基础研究，以确定是否顶叶皮质切除术，以消除脑肿瘤会导致神经心理障碍的行动知识，以及术前功能磁共振成像（fMRI）是否提供有用的信息，以减轻这种障碍。研究活动还使用功能磁共振成像和神经外科患者的行为测量相结合，在手术前后收集，以得出关于行动知识如何在人脑中组织和处理的因果推论。这项研究活动的中心科学目标是测试一个神经认知模型，即动作信息如何在顶叶皮层中表示，以及如何从视觉输入中获取。具体的假设进行了测试顶叶小叶的动作表征如何在在线处理（目标#1），一个对象的视觉处理是如何沟通的顶叶动作表征（目标#2），以及动作信息是如何存储在顶叶皮层（目标#3）。这项研究计划有两个广泛的目标。首先，它将为神经外科医生提供关于患者结局的新型反馈，这将为未来的脑肿瘤切除手术计划提供信息。重要的是，我们不仅要确定动作障碍是否与顶叶皮质切除术相关，而且还要测试特定的术前功能磁共振成像协议的有效性，以指导手术切除和减轻手术后致残动作障碍的可能性。第二，假设的神经组织的对象导向的行动知识进行了测试，因果推理得出的大脑过程，支持我们的能力，识别和操纵对象，根据其功能。这些研究的结果对于理解顶叶动作系统如何从皮质损伤中恢复具有重要意义（例如，中风、TBI）。此外，研究对象导向行动的受限领域，它具有完善的神经基质，将促进我们对大脑损伤如何改变更广泛网络内的功能以及网络功能如何与行为相关的一般理解。