Signals to Feed: Biological and Associative Mechanisms

进食信号：生物和联想机制

• 批准号: 9514145
• 负责人: TERRY L DAVIDSON
• 金额: $ 32.39万
• 依托单位: AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9514145
• 关键词: Address; Adverse effects; Agonist; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Beverages; Biological; Body Weight; Body Weight decreased; Brain; Cognitive; Comorbidity; Consummatory Behavior; Consumption; Cues; Desire for food; Diet; Eating; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Environment; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Exposure to; Face; Failure; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female; Food; Food deprivation (experimental); Foundations; Future; Health; Heart Diseases; Hippocampus (Brain); Hyperphagia; Hypersensitivity; Incidence; Intake; Intervention; Intuition; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Marketing; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Morbid Obesity; Nature; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Palate; Phenotype; Physiological; Physiology; Process; Quality of life; Rattus; Regulation; Research; Resistance; Satiation; Sex Characteristics; Sex Functioning; Signal Transduction; Societies; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Suggestion; Techniques; Thinness; Weight Gain; Woman; Wood material; Work; base; behavior influence; deprivation; energy balance; feeding; glucagon-like peptide 1; internal control; ketogenic diet; male; memory process; men; obesogenic; operation; pandemic disease; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; saturated fat; sex; sugar; trend; western diet

A longstanding idea is that the regulation of energy intake and body weight depends on the integrative control by external food-related cues in the environment and physiological signals arising from the internal milieu. In fact, according to several accounts the ability of such environmental food cues to evoke appetitive and consummatory responding is held in check by interoceptive satiety signals that inhibit those behaviors. Within this framework, energy dysregulation leading to obesity can be seen as a failure of interoceptive satiety cues to adequately counter response evocation by food cues in the environment. This type of failure would presumably be an important contributor to what has been termed the “obesogenic” environment. The purpose of research proposed in this application is to elucidate the factors that contribute, to and the mechanisms that underlie, the weakening of internal stimulus control of appetitive behavior relative to control by external food-related stimuli. Based on recent research from our laboratory and elsewhere, we propose that both the ability of environmental cues to evoke eating and the ability of physiological cues to inhibit intake are dependent on learning and memory. However, both types of cues involve different types of learning and memory processes that rely on distinct brain structures and circuits are involved with the evocation, compared to the inhibition, of appetitive and consummatory behavior. The research we plan to do will evaluate a specific, mechanistic, and testable account that explains how consuming a diet high in saturated fat and sugar (a.k.a. “Western diet” (WD)) can disturb the function and physiology of the hippocampus (a brain structure long-identified with learning and memory). These disturbances reduce the ability of internal satiety signals to inhibit eating behavior evoked by signals in the environment related to food. Research planned in this application will advance knowledge about the operation of this mechanism, along with its neural substrates, in both male and female rats and will investigate the implications of this model for interventions that could both prevent excess intake and body weight gain and restore normal regulatory function following consumption of WD.

长期以来的观点是能量摄入和体重的调节依赖于综合控制 通过外部环境中与食物相关的线索和内部环境产生的生理信号。在 事实上，根据几个帐户的能力，这种环境的食物线索，以唤起食欲， 内感受性饱腹感信号抑制了这些行为，从而抑制了完成性反应。内 在这个框架中，能量失调导致肥胖可以被看作是内感受性饱腹感线索的失败， 充分对抗环境中食物线索引起的反应。这种类型的失败大概会 是一个重要的贡献者什么已被称为“肥胖”的环境。研究目的 本申请中提出的目的是阐明导致该疾病的因素以及该疾病背后的机制。 相对于外部食物相关刺激的控制，食欲行为的内部刺激控制减弱。 根据我们实验室和其他地方的最新研究，我们提出， 诱发进食的线索和生理线索抑制摄入的能力依赖于学习， 记忆然而，这两种类型的线索涉及不同类型的学习和记忆过程， 与抑制相比，不同的大脑结构和回路涉及食欲的唤起， 和完美行为我们计划做的研究将评估一个具体的，机械的，可测试的 解释了如何消费高饱和脂肪和糖的饮食（a.k.a.“西方饮食”（WD））可以 干扰海马体的功能和生理学（一种长期被认为与学习和 内存）。这些干扰降低了内部饱足信号抑制由食欲引起的进食行为的能力。 环境中与食物有关的信号。本申请中计划的研究将推进以下方面的知识 这种机制的运作，沿着其神经基质，在雄性和雌性大鼠中， 研究这个模型对干预措施的影响，既可以防止过量摄入， 体重增加，并恢复正常的调节功能后，消费WD。