Characterizing the noise resilience of larval chemotaxis with virtual olfactory realities

用虚拟嗅觉现实表征幼虫趋化性的噪声恢复能力

• 批准号: 10351556
• 负责人: MATTHIEU R. P. J. C. G. LOUIS
• 金额: $ 9.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10351556
• 关键词: Anatomy; Animal Model; Animals; Architecture; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cell model; Chemotaxis; Computer Models; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Detection; Diffusion; Drosophila melanogaster; Electrons; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Environment; Esthesia; Food; Goals; Heart; Individual; Larva; Maps; Measures; Methods; Microfluidics; Modality; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Noise; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Organism; Output; Partner in relationship; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peripheral; Play; Problem Solving; Process; Resolution; Role; Running; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Source; Speed; Stimulus; System; Systems Theory; Testing; Time; Toxin; Validation; Work; base; behavioral response; behavioral tolerance; dynamic system; experimental study; fly; improved; light microscopy; neural circuit; neural model; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; olfactory sensory neurons; olfactory stimulus; optogenetics; predictive modeling; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; sensory input; sound; theories; tool; virtual; virtual reality

Abstract To survive, living organisms must collect information about their environment and use it to select appropriate behaviors. However, information from the environment is often noisy, incomplete and ambiguous. Currently, no theory or model comprehensively explains how nervous systems solve the problem of navigation based on noisy information. Without such a theory, we cannot improve the ability of living systems or autonomous machines to make better decisions by processing the imperfect sensory information that is typically available to them. We propose to build a complete data-driven model of how nervous systems turn noisy sensory information into action selection during navigation. We have previously been able to decipher aspects of this process by studying the Drosophila melanogaster larva — a small, transparent organism that is exceptionally good at navigating towards food odors despite having only 10,000 neurons. My lab has developed methods to rigorously quantify odor landscapes; measure how neurons represent these odors; automatically track larval movement; create virtual sensory realities for the larva; and change the real-time behavior of the larva on- demand with optogenetics. We have also recently mapped an entire pathway within the larval nervous system. Here, we will determine how and when noisy sensory information causes the larva to reorient (stop and turn) as it is navigating towards an attractive odor source (chemotaxis). Our objective is to uncover the neural mechanisms that accumulate, filter, and process noisy sensory evidence and use ambiguous information to make coherent perceptual decisions (action selection). By combining theory, experiments, and modeling, we will iteratively build a quantitative model which predicts the cellular and circuit-level computations transforming sensory (olfactory) signals into navigational decision-making (chemotaxis) that is robust to environmental disturbances (noise).

抽象的 为了生存，活生物体必须收集有关其环境的信息，并使用它来选择适当的 行为。但是，来自环境的信息通常是噪音，不完整和模棱两可的。现在， 没有理论或模型清楚地说明神经系统如何解决基于导航的问题 关于噪音信息。没有这样的理论，我们将无法提高生活系统或自动的能力 通过处理通常可用的不完美的感官信息来做出更好决策的机器 给他们。 我们建议建立一个完整的数据驱动模型，以了解神经系统如何转动噪音感官信息 在导航期间进行行动选择。我们以前已经能够通过 研究果蝇melanogaster幼虫 - 一种小的透明生物，非常擅长 尽管只有10,000个神经元，但仍迎合食物气味。我的实验室已经开发了 严格量化气味景观；测量神经元如何代表这些气味；自动跟踪幼虫 移动;为幼虫创建虚拟的感官现实；并改变幼虫的实时行为 对光遗传学的需求。我们最近还绘制了幼虫神经的整个途径 系统。在这里，我们将确定噪声感官信息如何以及何时导致幼虫的重新定位（停止 并转向），因为它正在朝着有吸引力的气味源（趋化性）导航。我们的目标是发现 积累，过滤和处理噪声感觉证据并使用模棱两可的神经机制 提供连贯的感知决策（行动选择）的信息。通过结合理论，实验， 和建模，我们将迭代建立一个定量模型，该模型可以预测细胞和电路级别 计算将感觉（嗅觉）信号转换为导航决策（趋化），即 对环境灾难的强大（噪声）。