BrainGate: Robust Neural Decoding for Veterans with ALS
BrainGate: Robust Neural Decoding for Veterans with ALS
批准号:
10454897
负责人:
LEIGH R HOCHBERG
金额:
$0.0万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
2017-08-01 至 2025-07-31
关键词:
AddressAlgorithmsAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisBrainBreathingCalibrationCaregiversClinicalClinical TrialsCommunicationCommunication MethodsCommunitiesComputer softwareComputersDataDevelopmentDevicesDimensionsDiseaseElectronic MailEngineeringFamilyFriendsGoalsHandHomeHourHumanInternetIntuitionLibrariesLimb structureLocked-In SyndromeMapsMechanical VentilatorsMedicalMedical centerMethodologyMethodsModelingMotorMotor CortexMovementNoiseOutputParalysedParticipantPatient RecruitmentsPatternPerformancePersonsProbabilityProceduresProcessQuadriplegiaResearchRestRiskRouteSelf-Help DevicesSignal TransductionSiteSleepSpeechSpinal cord injuryStatistical ModelsStrokeSupervisionSystemTabletsTechniquesTechnologyTestingTextText MessagingThinkingTimeTrainingTranslatingUpdateUtahVeteransWorkactive controlattenuationbrain computer interfacecaregiver interventionsclinical trial participantcommunication devicedesignexperienceflexibilityhigh dimensionalityimprovedinnovationnervous system disorderneuralneural patterningneuroprosthesisneuroregulationneurotransmissionnovelpatient engagementrecruitresidencetrendwireless
中文摘要
皮质内脑机接口 (iBCIs) 旨在恢复沟通、移动性和
退伍军人和其他患有肌萎缩侧索硬化症等瘫痪性疾病的人的独立性
(ALS)、中风或脊髓损伤。 在 ALS 的晚期阶段,活动能力逐渐丧失
伴有言语丧失,导致四肢瘫痪和神经性关节炎,或闭锁综合症。
尽管辅助和增强通信(AAC)设备部分解决了这个问题,例如
随着电机功率持续下降,设备变得不再有用,并最终失效。 相比之下,iBCIs
可以直接从皮层记录与预期运动相关的神经活动。 在本次更新中
优点审查申请,我们建议扩大在该领域取得的巨大进展
开发研究性 BrainGate 神经接口系统,为退伍军人提供
通过计算机、平板电脑或任何其他软件进行直观、始终可用的无线点击控制 -
基于通信系统。
在拟议的研究中,我们将在弗吉尼亚州普罗维登斯招募两名退伍军人或其他患有 ALS 的人
医疗中心参与正在进行的 BrainGate 试点临床试验。 放置两个 4x4x1.5 后
毫米,96 电极 Blackrock(犹他州)在优势运动皮层记录阵列,参与者将
每周在他们的居住地进行两到三次录音。 该研究将
还利用多站点 BrainGate 试验的其他参与者,将重点关注一年或更长时间
每位参与者都致力于开发改进的、强大的神经解码器。 作为首要目标,我们将扩展
通过开发一类具有更高灵活性的新型关系解码器来提高神经控制的稳定性,
适应性和噪音耐受性。 这将通过使用歧视性而不是
生成解码方法,重点是对(低概率)的概率分布进行建模
基于(高维)神经信号的意志状态输出。 该策略不
依赖于余弦调整到端点速度的基本假设,并允许灵活的、非
跨不同预期运动和效应器的线性映射,并提高对噪声的容忍度。 在
第二个目标,我们将制定新的策略来快速校准并持续更新神经网络
解码器。 我们的新方法将使我们能够直接过渡到闭环控制并校准
激活系统后约 1 分钟内即可实现功能性神经解码器。 我们还将实施新的
通过更新解码器来持续保持预期方向和点击解码的策略
在每次成功的目标选择之后,朝着嵌入式神经假体的设计迈出有用的一步
系统以及 iBCI 的实际、独立使用。 在这两个目标中,解码器将被比较为
目前最先进的 BCI 控制方法。 最后,我们将开发一个闭环主管
系统能够检测空闲状态,自动在所需的效应器和触发之间切换
解码器重新校准。 这些创新,以及高带宽无线神经网络的首次使用
人类 iBCIs 中的信号发射器将形成一个自主、自我调节的系统,帮助恢复
通过减少对身体健全的护理人员的依赖来实现用户的独立性。 这些的组合
创新,经过经验丰富且紧密合作的临床医生团队的严格测试,
神经科学家和工程师将把当前的 iBCI 系统转化为实现独立、
患有 ALS 的退伍军人可以通过 iBCI 进行直观的沟通。
英文摘要
Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces (iBCIs) aim to restore communication, mobility, and
independence to Veterans and others with paralyzing disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), stroke, or spinal cord injury. In the late stages of ALS, the progressive loss of mobility is
accompanied by a loss of speech, resulting in tetraplegia and anarthria, or locked-in syndrome.
Though assistive and augmentative communication (AAC) devices partially address this problem, such
devices become less useful and eventually fail as motor power continues to decline. In contrast, iBCIs
can record the neural activity associated with intended movement directly from cortex. In this renewal
Merit Review application, we propose to expand upon the tremendous progress made in the
development of the investigational BrainGate Neural Interface system toward providing Veterans with
intuitive, always-available, wireless point-and-click control over a computer, tablet, or any other software-
based communication system.
In the proposed research, we will recruit two Veterans or other people with ALS at the Providence VA
Medical Center to participate in the ongoing BrainGate pilot clinical trial. After placement of two 4x4x1.5
mm, 96-electrdode Blackrock (Utah) recording arrays in the dominant motor cortex, participants will
engage in two or three recording sessions per week, in their place of residence. The research, which will
also leverage other participants in the multi-site BrainGate trial, will focus over a year or more with
each participant on the development of improved, robust neural decoders. As a first aim, we will extend
the stability of neural control by developing a new class of relational decoders with improved flexibility,
adaptability, and noise tolerance. This will be facilitated by the use of a discriminative rather than
generative decoding approach that focuses on modeling the probability distribution of the (low-
dimensional) volitional state outputs based on (high-dimensional) neural signals. This strategy does not
rely upon an underlying assumption of cosine tuning to endpoint velocity, and allows for flexible, non-
linear mapping across different intended movements and effectors with increased tolerance to noise. In
the second aim, we will develop new strategies to rapidly calibrate and continuously update neural
decoders. Our new methodology will allow us to transition directly to closed loop control and to calibrate
functional neural decoders within ~1 minute of activating the system. We will also implement new
strategies to maintain continuously both intended direction and click decoding by updating the decoder
after every successful target selection, a useful step toward the design of embedded neuroprosthetic
systems and practical, independent use of an iBCI. In both of these aims, decoders will be compared to
the current state of the art approaches for BCI control. Finally, we will develop a closed loop supervisor
system capable of detecting idle states, automatically switching between desired effectors and triggering
decoder recalibration. These innovations, together with the first use of a high-bandwidth wireless neural
signal transmitter in human iBCIs, will result in an autonomous, self-regulating system, helping to restore
independence to users by reducing the reliance on an able-bodied caregiver. The combination of these
innovations, rigorously tested by a highly experienced and tightly collaborative team of clinicians,
neuroscientists, and engineers, will translate the current iBCI system toward enabling independent,
intuitive, iBCI-enabled communication by Veterans with ALS.
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