BrainGate: Robust Neural Decoding for Veterans with ALS
BrainGate: Robust Neural Decoding for Veterans with ALS
批准号:
10454897
负责人:
LEIGH R HOCHBERG
金额:
$0.0万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
2017-08-01 至 2025-07-31
关键词:
AddressAlgorithmsAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisBrainBreathingCalibrationCaregiversClinicalClinical TrialsCommunicationCommunication MethodsCommunitiesComputer softwareComputersDataDevelopmentDevicesDimensionsDiseaseElectronic MailEngineeringFamilyFriendsGoalsHandHomeHourHumanInternetIntuitionLibrariesLimb structureLocked-In SyndromeMapsMechanical VentilatorsMedicalMedical centerMethodologyMethodsModelingMotorMotor CortexMovementNoiseOutputParalysedParticipantPatient RecruitmentsPatternPerformancePersonsProbabilityProceduresProcessQuadriplegiaResearchRestRiskRouteSelf-Help DevicesSignal TransductionSiteSleepSpeechSpinal cord injuryStatistical ModelsStrokeSupervisionSystemTabletsTechniquesTechnologyTestingTextText MessagingThinkingTimeTrainingTranslatingUpdateUtahVeteransWorkactive controlattenuationbrain computer interfacecaregiver interventionsclinical trial participantcommunication devicedesignexperienceflexibilityhigh dimensionalityimprovedinnovationnervous system disorderneuralneural patterningneuroprosthesisneuroregulationneurotransmissionnovelpatient engagementrecruitresidencetrendwireless
中文摘要
皮质内脑-脑计算机接口(IBCI)旨在恢复通信,移动性,
独立于退伍军人和其他瘫痪疾病,如肌萎缩侧索硬化症
(ALS)中风或脊髓损伤。在ALS的晚期阶段,活动性的逐渐丧失是一种疾病。
伴随着言语丧失,导致四肢瘫痪和构音障碍,或闭锁综合征。
虽然辅助和增强通信(AAC)设备部分解决了这个问题,
随着电动机功率持续下降,装置变得不那么有用并最终失效。相比之下,
可以直接从皮层记录与预期运动相关的神经活动。在这次更新中,
我们建议扩大在这方面取得的巨大进展,
开发研究BrainGate神经接口系统,为退伍军人提供
直观、随时可用的无线点选和单击控制计算机、平板电脑或任何其他软件
基于通信系统。
在拟议的研究中,我们将在普罗维登斯VA招募两名退伍军人或其他ALS患者
医疗中心参与正在进行的BrainGate试点临床试验。放置两个4x4x1.5后
mm,96- 1000mm-10000mm-100000mm-1000000mm-100000mm-10000mm-10
每周在居住地进行两到三次录音。这项研究将
在多站点的BrainGate试验中,我们还将利用其他参与者,在一年或更长的时间里,
每个参与者都在开发改进的,强大的神经解码器。作为第一个目标,我们将扩大
通过开发具有改进的灵活性的一类新的关系解码器来提高神经控制的稳定性,
适应性和噪音耐受性。这将通过使用歧视性而不是
生成解码方法,其集中于对(低信噪比)的概率分布进行建模
基于(高维)神经信号的(高维)意志状态输出。这种策略不
依赖于余弦调整到端点速度的基本假设,并允许灵活的,非线性的
跨不同预期运动和效应器的线性映射,具有增加的噪声容限。在
第二个目标是,我们将开发新策略来快速校准和不断更新神经网络,
解码器我们的新方法将使我们能够直接过渡到闭环控制和校准
在激活系统的1分钟内激活功能神经解码器。我们还将实施新的
通过更新解码器来持续保持预期方向和点击解码的策略
在每一次成功的靶点选择之后,
系统和实际的,独立使用的iBCI。在这两个目标中,解码器将与
用于BCI控制的现有技术方法。最后,我们将开发一个闭环监控器
能够检测空闲状态、在期望的效应器之间自动切换并触发的系统
解码器重新校准。这些创新,加上第一次使用高带宽无线神经网络,
人类iBCI中的信号传递器,将导致一个自主的,自我调节的系统,有助于恢复
通过减少对身体健全的看护者的依赖来实现对用户的独立性。结合这些
创新,由经验丰富和紧密合作的临床医生团队严格测试,
神经科学家和工程师,将把目前的iBCI系统转化为独立的,
直观的,iBCI-支持ALS退伍军人的通信。
英文摘要
Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces (iBCIs) aim to restore communication, mobility, and
independence to Veterans and others with paralyzing disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), stroke, or spinal cord injury. In the late stages of ALS, the progressive loss of mobility is
accompanied by a loss of speech, resulting in tetraplegia and anarthria, or locked-in syndrome.
Though assistive and augmentative communication (AAC) devices partially address this problem, such
devices become less useful and eventually fail as motor power continues to decline. In contrast, iBCIs
can record the neural activity associated with intended movement directly from cortex. In this renewal
Merit Review application, we propose to expand upon the tremendous progress made in the
development of the investigational BrainGate Neural Interface system toward providing Veterans with
intuitive, always-available, wireless point-and-click control over a computer, tablet, or any other software-
based communication system.
In the proposed research, we will recruit two Veterans or other people with ALS at the Providence VA
Medical Center to participate in the ongoing BrainGate pilot clinical trial. After placement of two 4x4x1.5
mm, 96-electrdode Blackrock (Utah) recording arrays in the dominant motor cortex, participants will
engage in two or three recording sessions per week, in their place of residence. The research, which will
also leverage other participants in the multi-site BrainGate trial, will focus over a year or more with
each participant on the development of improved, robust neural decoders. As a first aim, we will extend
the stability of neural control by developing a new class of relational decoders with improved flexibility,
adaptability, and noise tolerance. This will be facilitated by the use of a discriminative rather than
generative decoding approach that focuses on modeling the probability distribution of the (low-
dimensional) volitional state outputs based on (high-dimensional) neural signals. This strategy does not
rely upon an underlying assumption of cosine tuning to endpoint velocity, and allows for flexible, non-
linear mapping across different intended movements and effectors with increased tolerance to noise. In
the second aim, we will develop new strategies to rapidly calibrate and continuously update neural
decoders. Our new methodology will allow us to transition directly to closed loop control and to calibrate
functional neural decoders within ~1 minute of activating the system. We will also implement new
strategies to maintain continuously both intended direction and click decoding by updating the decoder
after every successful target selection, a useful step toward the design of embedded neuroprosthetic
systems and practical, independent use of an iBCI. In both of these aims, decoders will be compared to
the current state of the art approaches for BCI control. Finally, we will develop a closed loop supervisor
system capable of detecting idle states, automatically switching between desired effectors and triggering
decoder recalibration. These innovations, together with the first use of a high-bandwidth wireless neural
signal transmitter in human iBCIs, will result in an autonomous, self-regulating system, helping to restore
independence to users by reducing the reliance on an able-bodied caregiver. The combination of these
innovations, rigorously tested by a highly experienced and tightly collaborative team of clinicians,
neuroscientists, and engineers, will translate the current iBCI system toward enabling independent,
intuitive, iBCI-enabled communication by Veterans with ALS.
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