Disability, Nativity and Social Networks Among Two Cohorts

项目摘要 这项拟议研究的目标是通过出生和出生来描述残疾的模式 墨西哥人的代际地位和社会网络随时间的影响 美国人。出生地和世代地位在残疾发展中的作用 是这项提议的核心。来自西班牙裔既定人口的数据 老年流行病学研究(HEPESE)：一个大的、多阶段的概率样本 居住在德克萨斯州西南部的65岁及以上的墨西哥裔美国人中， 加州、新墨西哥州、亚利桑那州和科罗拉多州将被使用。研究的第一波浪潮 (1993)调查了3050人。这群人几乎每隔一年就会重新联系一次 1995至2011年间的两年。关于残疾的研究主要集中在非 控制人口和社会经济的西班牙裔黑人和白人差异 变量，出生地和世代地位在残疾过程中的作用 受到的关注相对较少。此外，在这项研究中，我们旨在评估是否发生了变化 随着时间的推移，残疾可能是由于提供健康的社会网络的侵蚀- 加强对个人的支持。这一目标将通过评估是否有 在纳入社会网络后观察到出生-残疾关联的变化 使用HEPESE数据在外国和本地出生的墨西哥裔美国人中进行测量。这个 HEPESE中的物理功能部分提供关于功能的自我报告数据 长期的身体、精神和情绪问题或疾病造成的限制。 这些部分将用于评估个人的残疾程度。分层次 将使用广义线性模型来计算残疾轨迹，而 考虑到重复的个体内和个体间的差异 评估，以及时间和每个协变量之间的跨级互动。 该项目将审查约20年的估计残疾的外国和 土生土长的墨西哥人以及每个群体的残疾比率如何随着时间的推移而变化，而 有意义地提高我们对中介因素的认识，特别是代际因素 身份和社交网络。这一证据可以用来设计更有效的公共 认识到出生的重要作用的卫生政策和干预方法， 美国大部分人口的代际地位和社会网络因素 面临着沉重的残疾负担。

Project Summary The goal of the proposed study is to characterize patterns of disability by nativity and generational status and the influence of social networks over time among Mexican Americans. The role of nativity and generational status in the development of disability is central to this proposal. Data from the Hispanic Established Population for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly (HEPESE) a large, multistage probability sample of Mexican Americans 65 and older who reside in the southwestern states of Texas, California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado will be used. The first wave of the study (1993) surveyed 3,050 individuals. This cohort was re-contacted approximately every two years between 1995 and 2011. Research on disability has largely focused on non- Hispanic Black-White differences controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables, and the role of nativity and generational status in the process of disability has received relatively little attention. In addition, in this study we aim to evaluate if changes in disability over time may be due to the erosion of social networks that provide health- enhancing support to individuals. This aim will be assessed by evaluating if any observed nativity-disability association changes after the inclusion of social network measures among foreign and native born Mexican Americans using HEPESE data. The physical functioning sections in HEPESE provide self-reported data on functional limitations caused by long-term physical, mental, and emotional problems or illness. These sections will be used to assess an individual's level of disability. Hierarchical generalized linear models will be used to calculate the disability trajectories while accounting for within-individual and between-individual variability over repeated assessments, and for cross-level interactions between time and each of the covariates. This project will examine approximately 20- year estimates of disability for foreign and native born Mexicans and how disability rates for each group change over time, while meaningfully improving our knowledge of mediating factors, specifically generational status and social networks. This evidence can be used to design more effective public health policy and intervention approaches that recognize the important role of nativity, generational status and social network factors for a large segment of the US population facing significant disability burdens.