Mechanisms of iNKT cell anti-viral adjuvancy

iNKT细胞抗病毒佐剂机制

• 批准号: 10456109
• 负责人: Jenny E. Gumperz
• 金额: $ 38.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-07 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10456109
• 关键词: Address; Adjuvant; Antibodies; Antigens; Antiviral Agents; Antiviral Response; Autologous; B Cell Proliferation; B-Lymphocytes; Biological Models; CD1d antigen; Cell Communication; Cell physiology; Cells; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Data; Development; Environment; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Goals; Human; Human Herpesvirus 4; Hyperplasia; Immune; Immunity; Immunodeficient Mouse; Immunotherapy; Individual; Interferon Type II; Knowledge; Light; Lipids; Lymphocyte; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Molecular; Myeloid Cells; Names; Outcome; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peptides; Population; Production; Property; Publishing; Resistance; Role; Signal Transduction; System; T cell response; T-Cell Activation; T-Cell Activation Pathway; T-Cell Receptor; T-Lymphocyte; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Tumor-associated macrophages; Viral; Viral Antigens; Virus; Virus Diseases; Work; antigen-specific T cells; antiviral immunity; base; cell type; clinical application; clinical development; conditioning; cytokine; fighting; improved; in vivo; infected B cell; monocyte; prevent; response; sound

Summary: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been shown to promote resistance to a variety of viral infections. Despite their cytopathic-sounding name, it does not seem that the anti-viral effects of iNKT cells are due to their killing of infected cells. Instead, iNKT cells function as "cellular adjuvants" that promote anti-viral responses by other lymphocytes, including antigen-specific T cells. iNKT cells are an innate T cell population that is present in all individuals, and that utilizes a conserved TCR that recognizes lipid "patterns" presented by non-polymorphic CD1d molecules. As a result of these features, iNKT cells can be targeted in genetically diverse human populations using a single therapeutic strategy (e.g. anti-TCR antibodies, synthetic lipid antigens). Thus, iNKT cells could be exploited as a generic (i.e. HLA-independent) strategy to promote anti- viral antigen-specific T cell responses. The goal of this project is to provide mechanistic data that will support the development of human iNKT cells as broad anti-viral agents. The mechanisms involved in human iNKT- mediated adjuvancy in vivo will be investigated using a model of Epstein-Barr virus infection, in which autologous T cells control the degree of virally-driven B cell hyperplasia. Our preliminary studies show that administering iNKT cells at late time points after viral infection is associated with clearance of B- lymphoproliferative masses and with enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses. We will investigate two specific hypotheses about the mechanisms by which iNKT cells mediate these effects: i) by conditioning of monocytic APCs in a way that diminishes their immunosuppressive properties and/or enhances their immunostimulatory features; ii) by directly activating T cells in a way that enables them to overcome suppressive signals. Aim1 will determine iNKT cell activation requirements; Aim 2 will ascertain the importance of iNKT cell interactions with monocytic APCs; Aim 3 will assess the impact of iNKT cells on T cells. These studies will significantly advance our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in iNKT-mediated adjuvancy, and will thus guide the development of clinical strategies to engage iNKT cells to promote anti-viral immunity.

总结： 已显示不变的自然杀伤T（iNKT）细胞促进对多种病毒感染的抗性。 尽管它们的名字听起来像是细胞病变，但iNKT细胞的抗病毒作用似乎并不是因为 杀死受感染的细胞。相反，iNKT细胞作为“细胞佐剂”发挥作用，促进抗病毒免疫。 其他淋巴细胞的反应，包括抗原特异性T细胞。iNKT细胞是一种先天性T细胞群， 它存在于所有个体中，并利用保守的TCR识别由以下物质呈现的脂质“模式”： 非多态性CD 1d分子。由于这些特征，iNKT细胞可以在遗传学上被靶向。 使用单一治疗策略（例如抗TCR抗体、合成脂质 抗原）。因此，iNKT细胞可以被开发作为一种通用的（即HLA-非依赖性的）策略，以促进抗-NKT细胞的免疫应答。 病毒抗原特异性T细胞应答。这个项目的目标是提供机械数据，将支持 开发人iNKT细胞作为广泛的抗病毒剂。人类iNKT- 将使用EB病毒感染的模型研究体内介导的免疫性，其中 自体T细胞控制病毒驱动的B细胞增生的程度。我们的初步研究表明， 在病毒感染后的晚期时间点给予iNKT细胞与B- 淋巴增生性肿块和增强的抗原特异性T细胞应答。我们将调查两个 关于iNKT细胞介导这些作用的机制的具体假设：i）通过调节 单核细胞APC以降低其免疫抑制特性和/或增强其免疫抑制特性的方式表达。 ii）通过直接激活T细胞，使其能够克服免疫刺激特征; 压抑的信号目标1将确定iNKT细胞活化要求;目标2将确定 iNKT细胞与单核细胞APC相互作用的重要性;目的3将评估iNKT细胞对T细胞的影响。 细胞这些研究将大大推进我们对细胞和分子途径的理解 参与iNKT介导的免疫，因此将指导临床策略的发展， iNKT细胞以促进抗病毒免疫。