Personality and Mortality Risk in Adulthood: Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms

成年期的人格和死亡风险:行为和生理机制

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    10645631
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 15.09万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2023-09-15 至 2025-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Sufficient evidence now exists that individual differences in personality traits are associated with lifespan health outcomes and longevity. Interests have shifted from these basic examinations of personality-health associations to identifying the precise mechanisms explaining why psychological traits predict health and longevity. Exploring how health behaviors and physiological function act as conduits by which personality impacts health is the logical next step of future research. Specifically, individuals scoring higher in neuroticism and lower in conscientiousness are more likely to use tobacco, illicit drugs, and greater quantities of alcohol, and are also more likely to be sedentary and have poor dietary habits. These behaviors are some of the leading behavioral contributors to poor health and increased mortality risk among older adults. Moreover, these trait levels are also associated with increased cardiovascular deterioration, impaired immune function, and unhealthy metabolic levels. Although it seems intuitive that individuals with certain personality characteristics engage in certain behaviors which over time will deteriorate physiological health and shorten the lifespan, the empirical evidence to support these explanatory pathways is lacking. Without a clearer understanding of how these processes unfold over the lifespan, the development of interventions to combat premature aging will be limited. Thus, the short-term goal of this proposal parallels NIA strategic directions to identify mechanisms through which psychological factors exert their effects on the aging process, but it also parallels the NIA long- term goal agenda of developing foundational knowledge to be used in the creation of interventions that maintain health and increase a healthy lifespan. The central hypothesis of the current proposal is that certain personality characteristics will lead to engagement in health behaviors (e.g., greater alcohol, tobacco, drug use, physical inactivity, lower health care utilization, and poor sleep habits) that will lead to dysregulation of key physiological systems, that ultimately will result in an increased mortality risk. To accomplish these goals, the proposal will utilize a coordinated analysis framework to analyze 12 archival data sources that include over 44,000 participants. Key factors to this proposal include: 1) a diverse population where generalizability of findings can be tested via replication and meta-analytic techniques; 2) analysis of repeated measures of personality, health behaviors, and objective measures of physiology to determine how change unfolds over time and establish temporal ordering of pathways; and 3) the use of sophisticated mediation analyses conducted in a structural equation modeling framework to provide the statistical evidence of direct/indirect effects. Overall, the proposed research is significant because it explores how modifiable psychological constructs impact behavior, physiology, and longevity over time. Understanding how these processes unfold in a large sample using diverse measures will provide the statistical evidence needed to support the development of interventions aimed at improving aging outcomes.
现在有足够的证据表明,个性特征的个体差异与终身健康有关 结果和寿命。人们的兴趣已经从这些基本的人格健康检查 与确定解释为什么心理特征预测健康的确切机制的联系, 中心blog探索健康行为和生理功能如何作为人格 影响健康是未来研究的下一步。具体来说,在神经质方面得分较高的人 和较低的犯罪率更有可能使用烟草,非法药物,和更多的酒精, 而且更可能久坐不动,饮食习惯也不好。这些行为是 导致老年人健康状况不佳和死亡风险增加的主要行为因素。而且这些 特质水平也与心血管恶化、免疫功能受损和 不健康的新陈代谢水平虽然直觉上有某些人格特征的人 从事某些行为,随着时间的推移会恶化生理健康,缩短寿命, 缺乏支持这些解释途径的经验证据。如果没有更清楚地了解 这些过程在整个生命周期中展开,对抗过早衰老的干预措施的发展将是 有限公司因此,本建议的短期目标与国家执行机构确定机制的战略方向相一致 通过心理因素对衰老过程产生影响,但它也与NIA长期- 长期目标议程,发展基础知识,用于制定干预措施, 保持健康,延长健康寿命。当前提案的核心假设是, 个性特征将导致参与健康行为(例如,更大的酒精、烟草、毒品 使用,身体不活动,较低的医疗保健利用率和不良的睡眠习惯),这将导致关键的调节失调, 生理系统,最终将导致死亡风险增加。为了实现这些目标, 该提案将利用协调分析框架来分析12个档案数据源,其中包括 44,000名参与者。这一建议的关键因素包括:1)多样化的人口, 研究结果可以通过复制和荟萃分析技术进行测试; 2)重复测量的分析, 个性,健康行为和客观的生理措施,以确定如何变化展开, 时间和建立时间顺序的途径;和3)使用复杂的调解分析 在结构方程模型框架中进行,以提供直接/间接 方面的影响.总的来说,这项拟议中的研究意义重大,因为它探讨了如何改变心理 随着时间的推移,结构会影响行为、生理和寿命。了解这些过程如何在 使用不同测量方法的大样本将提供支持发展所需的统计证据 旨在改善老龄化结果的干预措施。

项目成果

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