Community-based air toxics monitoring during rapid environmental change in industrialized neighborhoods

2019年6月，东海岸最大的炼油厂发生大规模爆炸，震动了整个韩国的建筑 费城居民被告知原地避难，而676,000磅碳氢化合物和3,271磅 致命的氟化氢(HF)被冲到他们的社区，2，3，市卫生部门保证 没有证据表明有健康风险。4-6两年后，非运营的费城能源公司 解决方案(PES)综合体仍然是美国第二大苯排放炼油厂7，尽管 在退役和拆除过程中，挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的排放，几乎没有数据 向居民提供；一个针对VOCs的本地EPA空气质量系统(AQS)监测仪仅每隔一年运行一次 6天，所需的栅格线监测以2周平均值冲刷出高峰事件。8，9既不是数据源 已于2020.10-12年3月在线更新 我们的主要目标是与费城合作蓬勃发展 -一个环境司法组织，有一个主要的 栅栏居民的选区- 设计和建立社区规模的空气有毒物质监测网络， 在整个退役和重建过程中捕获和报告正在进行的暴露 社区。炼油厂和石化设施附近的居民大多是非洲裔美国人， 61%的人 有色人种，45%生活在贫困中。7，15社会压力来源和污染暴露的汇合 围绕这个站点-以及我们正在开发的基于社区的监控设计模型- 对全国范围内的栅栏线社区的相关性和实用性。 西班牙裔，社会经济地位(SEP)较低；13，14这里，超过30万人居住在3英里以内； 通过建立高密度、社区规模的BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯)VOC 监测网络，我们将评估暴露在哪里升高，以及来源活动何时发生变化 而气象学增加了风险暴露。在计划的10年退役过程中--这将 包括拆除950英里长的管道，数十个储罐和地下苯池19，20-OUR 监测系统将在浓度较低时为社区提供关键的保证，并提供一种手段 在集中度高的情况下倡导改进-借助第三方学术机构的可信度 与社区建立了良好关系的科学家。我们的研究将极大地改善时空 解决目前的稀疏监测，减少暴露，以及 倡导更清洁的流程的强大杠杆。 提供关键信息 我们将寻求更多资金来维持该系统。 在长达10年的退役和重建进程中。数据与土地利用回归(LUR)模型 将极大地改进正在进行和计划中的流行病学的时空暴露评估 学习。这项工作将为城市社区环境监测提供一个重要的模式 经历快速的环境变化，21，22并直接改善对VOCs和健康的研究23

In June 2019, a massive explosion at the east coast’s largest oil refinery shook buildings across South Philadelphia.1 Residents were told to shelter-in-place while 676,000 pounds of hydrocarbons and 3,271 pounds of deadly hydrogen fluoride (HF) washed over their neighborhood,2,3 and the city health department assured residents that there was no evidence of a health risk.4-6 Two years later, the non-operational Philadelphia Energy Solutions (PES) complex remains the 2nd-highest benzene-emitting refinery in the U.S..7 Despite substantial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during decommissioning and demolition, little data has been made available to residents; the one local EPA Air Quality System (AQS) monitor for VOCs operates only every 6th day, and required fenceline monitoring washes out peak events in 2-week averages.8,9 Neither data source has been updated online since March 2020.10-12 Our key goal is to collaborate with Philly Thrive – an environmental justice organization with a primary constituency of fenceline residents - to design and establish a community-scale air toxics monitoring network, to capture and report on-going exposures throughout decommissioning and reconstruction, in this vulnerable community. Residents near refineries and petrochemical complexes are disproportionately African-American, 61% are persons of color, and 45% live in poverty.7,15 The confluence of social stressors and pollution exposures surrounding this site – and the model for community-based monitoring design that we are developing - has relevance and utility for fenceline communities nationwide. Hispanic, and of lower socioeconomic position (SEP);13,14 here, over 300,000 people live within 3 miles; By establishing a high-density, community-scale BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) VOC monitoring network, we will assess both where exposures are elevated, and when changes in source activity and meteorology increase exposures. Throughout the planned 10-year decommissioning process – which will include removal of 950 miles of pipe, dozens of storage tanks, and underground benzene ‘pools’19,20 - our monitoring system will provide critical reassurance to the community when concentrations are low, and a means for advocating for improvement when concentrations are high - with the credibility of third-party academic scientists with an established relationship with the community. Our study will vastly improve spatial and temporal resolution over the current sparse monitoring, towards reducing exposures, and powerful levers towards advocating for cleaner processes. providing critical information We will seek further funding to maintain the system over the 10-year decommissioning and reconstruction process. Data and land use regression (LUR) models produced will greatly improve spatio-temporal exposure assessment for on-going and planned epidemiologic studies. This work will provide an important model for environmental monitoring in urban communities undergoing rapid environmental change,21,22 and directly improve studies of VOCs and health.23