Syntactic control of lexical activation during speech production - Resubmission - 1

言语产生过程中词汇激活的句法控制 - 重新提交 - 1

• 批准号: 10671474
• 负责人: Adam M Morgan
• 金额: $ 7.18万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10671474
• 关键词: Affect; Agrammatism; Agreement; Animals; Aphasia; Area; Attention; Behavior; Binding; Brain; Canis familiaris; Classification; Clinical; Code; Cognitive Science; Communication; Complement; Complex; Comprehension; Consensus; Critical Thinking; Data; Dedications; Development; Disease; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Elements; Environment; Family; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Grain; Human; Impairment; Individual; Language; Life; Light; Linguistics; Link; Literature; Maps; Mentors; Modeling; Morphologic artifacts; Motor; Names; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Patients; Pattern; Persons; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Probability; Process; Production; Proxy; Psyche structure; Psycholinguistics; Research; Retrieval; Role; Running; Schizophrenia; Semantics; Speech; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Training; Trees; United States; Work; cognitive process; innovation; language processing; lexical; neural; neuromechanism; neurosurgery; nonhuman primate; novel strategies; psychologic; signal processing; specific language impairment; syntax; temporal measurement

Project Summary/Abstract Language is a defining feature of being human. No other animal has the ability to systematically order words or signs so as to communicate complex thoughts, nor does such complex communication play nearly as central a role in other species. According to the NIDCD, roughly 1 million people in the United States have some form of aphasia, or loss of linguistic ability. The consequences are devastating for individuals and families. The power of language derives from a unique evolutionary development: syntax, the abstract rules that allow us to combine finite words into infinitely many possible strings. Without syntax, communication is painstaking and error-prone. Despite its centrality, little remains known about its neural instantiation. Previous research has attempted to experimentally isolate syntax so as to localize it in the brain, but this approach has produced mixed and inconsistent results. We take a novel approach, using electrocorticography (ECoG) to investigate a well- defined component of syntax: sequencing, or selecting words in an order determined by syntax. A main impediment to progress in understanding syntax at the neural level is a granularity mismatch problem. Neuroscience tends to deal in broader conceptual distinctions, as evidenced by experimental manipulations that attempt to isolate all of syntax. However, psycholinguistic models tend to be much finer grained, portraying syntactic abilities as a conglomerate of processes and representations rather than a monolithic entity that can be turned on or off. Here, we leverage computationally explicit models to make linking hypotheses between cognitive processes and commensurate neural mechanisms. For instance, sequencing critically relies on a binding mechanism for linking particular words to positions in a syntactic tree. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that binding between syntax and words is instantiated as neural synchrony between regions encoding syntax and those encoding words. Our approach has a number of strengths. (1) As ECoG is largely insensitive to production artifacts, we will employ a production paradigm, allowing us to more clearly isolate particular syntactic processes than traditional comprehension studies. (2) ECoG has unparalleled spatial and temporal resolution. (3) Our research draws not only from findings in neuroscience, but from computationally explicit psycholinguistic models, allowing us to test hypotheses that have a high probability of being at least partially correct. This project leverages the applicant’s expertise in linguistics and cognitive psychology, and complements this background with additional training in neuroscience and signal processing. The applicant will be embedded in a world-class research and clinical environment, with dedicated mentors who are leading experts in ECoG and the neurobiology of language. The findings will deepen our understanding of normally functioning communication, in line with the NIDCD’s first priority area, by shedding light on the mechanisms affected in word order deficits, which are common in a range of disorders including aphasia and specific language impairment.

项目总结/摘要 语言是人类的一个决定性特征。没有其他动物有能力系统地排列单词或 符号，以传达复杂的思想，也没有这样的复杂的沟通发挥几乎作为中心的一个 在其他物种中的作用根据NIDCD的数据，美国大约有100万人患有某种形式的 失语症或丧失语言能力。其后果对个人和家庭是毁灭性的。 语言的力量来自于一种独特的进化发展：句法，一种抽象的规则， 将有限的字联合收割机组合成无限多个可能的字符串。没有语法，沟通是艰苦的， 容易出错尽管它的中心地位，很少有人知道它的神经实例。先前的研究 我试图通过实验分离句法，以便将其定位在大脑中，但这种方法产生了混合的结果。 和不一致的结果。我们采取了一种新的方法，使用皮层电图（ECoG）来研究一个良好的- 语法的定义成分：排序，或按语法确定的顺序选择单词。 在神经层面理解语法的一个主要障碍是粒度不匹配问题。 神经科学倾向于处理更广泛的概念区别，正如实验操作所证明的那样， 尝试隔离所有语法。然而，心理语言学模型往往更细粒度，描绘 语法能力是一个过程和表示的集合体，而不是一个单一的实体， 打开或关闭。在这里，我们利用计算上明确的模型，使连接之间的假设 认知过程和相应的神经机制。例如，测序关键地依赖于 用于将特定单词链接到句法树中的位置的绑定机制。这个问题的核心假设是 建议是，句法和单词之间的结合被实例化为编码区域之间的神经同步， 语法和那些编码词。 我们的方法有许多优点。(1)由于ECoG在很大程度上对生产工件不敏感，因此我们将采用 一个产生式范式，使我们能够比传统范式更清楚地隔离特定的句法过程。 理解研究。(2)ECoG具有无与伦比的空间和时间分辨率。(3)我们的研究没有得出 不仅来自神经科学的发现，而且来自计算明确的心理语言学模型，使我们能够测试 具有至少部分正确的高概率的假设。 这个项目利用申请人在语言学和认知心理学方面的专业知识，并补充这一点 具有神经科学和信号处理方面的额外培训背景。申请人将被嵌入一个 世界一流的研究和临床环境，拥有专业的导师，他们是ECoG和 语言神经生物学这些发现将加深我们对正常沟通的理解， 根据NIDCD的第一优先领域，通过阐明词序缺陷的机制， 这在包括失语症和特定语言障碍在内的一系列疾病中很常见。