Morphological Determinants of Intracellular Membrane Compartments
Morphological Determinants of Intracellular Membrane Compartments
批准号:
10671475
负责人:
Andreas Max Ernst
金额:
$36.83万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2021
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
2021-08-01 至 2026-07-31
关键词:
AddressBiochemicalBiological AssayCaenorhabditis elegansCell SurvivalCell physiologyCellsChemicalsComplexCuesCytoplasmElectron MicroscopyEnvironmentEukaryotic CellExhibitsFoundationsGeneticGenetic Complementation TestGeometryGoalsGolgi ApparatusHumanHuman Cell LineIndividualIntracellular MembranesLinkLiquid substanceMembraneMorphologyNerve DegenerationOrganellesPathway interactionsPhasePropertyProteinsResearchRestRodSeriesShapesSiteSortingStructureSynapsesSystemTestingTissuesVariantcarcinogenesiscell growthdisease phenotypeexperiencegolginmembrane modelmodel organismnovelreconstitutionself assemblytwo-dimensionalultra high resolution
中文摘要
项目总结/摘要
真核细胞将其内部组织成一组膜包封的隔室,称为细胞器
或内膜系统,使细胞生长和活力。每个细胞器都有独特的生化反应
组成,复杂的动力学和独特的形态。 细胞器是如何形成的,它们的形状
与它们的功能有关,以及单个细胞器如何参与特定的接触是重要的开放性问题
这是拟议研究的重点。
对人类细胞空间组织的理解目前正在经历一场革命,
认识到细胞质的组分可以经历与细胞质的其余部分的“液-液”相分离,
细胞质,形成动态和功能专门化的领域,缺乏任何膜。我们最近的研究
提出了一种新的可能性,即含有膜的细胞器是由一个二维的变化结构
根据这一原理,"杆状病毒样“蛋白(”golgins“和golgin-like蛋白)自组装成层状液体
几何学我们的目标是在早期组织的背景下测试和发展这一新的组织原则。
分泌途径,其中两个细胞器,ER和高尔基体堆叠,形成一个“突触-突触样”界面,
在不同的分类群中保存。人们对ER-高尔基体界面的空间组织是如何实现的知之甚少,
以及为什么需要这种特殊的组织。这也是一个谜,如何这种连接可以表现出结构完整性
同时抵抗材料的高通量,但在特定的调节线索下表现出动态特性。
我们的目标是了解建立ER-高尔基体界面的特殊形态的机制,
以便能够在该空间内有效地处理和分拣货物。我们的动机假设是
界面代表由局部相分离蛋白组织的动态膜接触位点。 我们将
采用“自下而上”的方法,即我们将单个组分纯化至均匀,并在
模型膜环境,寻找重建所需的最小组件和机制,
形态和功能。 我们将用超分辨率和电子显微镜来补充这种方法,
在人类细胞系和模式生物C中的遗传扰动和功能测定。 优雅
通过这种双重策略,我们希望阐明ER-高尔基体界面形成的原理,
维持,以及其空间组织如何影响细胞功能。
英文摘要
Project Summary/Abstract
Eukaryotic cells organize their interior into a set of membrane-enclosed compartments, referred to as organelles
or the endomembrane system, that enable cell growth and viability. Each organelle exhibits a unique biochemical
composition, complex dynamics, and a distinct morphology. How organelles are shaped, how their shape is
linked to their functions, and how individual organelles engage in specific contacts are important open questions
that are the focus of the proposed research.
Understanding of the spatial organization of human cells is currently experiencing a revolution, with the
realization that components of the cytoplasm can undergo a “liquid-liquid” phase separation from the rest of the
cytoplasm, forming dynamic and functionally specialized domains that lack any membrane. Our recent research
raises the novel possibility that membrane-containing organelles are structured by a two-dimensional variation
of this principle, in which ‘rod-like’ proteins (‘golgins’ and golgin-like proteins) self-assemble into lamellar liquid
geometries. We aim to test and develop this new organizing principle in context of the organization of the early
secretory pathway, where two organelles, the ER and the Golgi stack, form a ‘synapse-like’ interface that is
conserved across taxa. It is poorly understood how the spatial organization of the ER-Golgi interface is achieved,
and why this specific organization is required. It is also a mystery how this junction can exhibit structural integrity
while resisting a high throughput of material, yet exhibit dynamic properties under specific regulatory cues.
Our goal is to understand the mechanisms that establish the specific morphology of the ER-Golgi interface in
order to enable efficient processing and sorting of cargo within this space. Our motivating hypothesis is that this
interface represents a dynamic membrane contact site organized by local phase separation proteins. We will
employ a ‘bottom-up’ approach in which we purify individual components to homogeneity and probe them in a
model membrane environment, seeking out the minimal components and mechanisms needed to reconstitute
morphology and function. We will complement this approach with super-resolution and electron microscopy,
genetic perturbations and functional assays in both human cell lines and in the model organism C. elegans.
Through this dual strategy, we expect to elucidate the principles by which the ER-Golgi interface is formed,
maintained, and how its spatial organization impacts cellullar functions.
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会议论文
Morphological Determinants of Intracellular Membrane Compartments
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批准号:10456133
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.83万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Andreas Max Ernst
-
依托单位:
Morphological Determinants of Intracellular Membrane Compartments
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批准号:10269587
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.83万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Andreas Max Ernst
-
依托单位:
海外基金