Linking brain network dynamics to imminent smoking lapse risk and behavior

项目摘要 大多数戒烟的尝试都以复吸或恢复正常吸烟而告终。面临的最大威胁之一 停止是失效（即，在尝试戒烟期间使用任何香烟）。因此，描述失误发生的原因是 对了解和预防吸烟复吸至关重要。功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）是 一种有前途的方法来描述导致吸烟失误的心理过程，因为它 提供了一种方法来测量大脑活动的模式，以反映相关的心理过程， 随着时间的推移而改变。然而，方法问题阻碍了利用这一潜力的能力， 阻碍了对大脑活动和相应的心理过程如何在大脑中展开的理解。 吸烟前的关键时刻。拟议的项目将解决这方面的知识 间隙使用一种新的fMRI范式改编自一个经过验证的行为失误任务。这种新颖的功能磁共振成像 范例包括扫描仪内延迟期，其模拟在急性尼古丁中毒期间抵抗吸烟的能力。 戒烟和扫描后的即兴时期，捕捉随后吸烟行为的关键方面。 吸烟的成年人在完成功能性磁共振成像失时范例之前将戒烟12小时。的 该项目的目标是描述导致失误的大脑活动变化，并调查如何 这些变化与同时发生的影响和随后的吸烟有关。该研究将特别侧重于 将失误相关的结果与两个大规模大脑网络之间的时间依赖性相互作用联系起来： 执行控制网络，包括外侧前额叶和顶叶皮质的部分，以及默认的 模式网络，包括内侧前额叶和后扣带皮层的部分。中央 指导这项研究的假设是，与失误有关的行为和影响将由 默认模式网络和执行控制网络在功能上分离的程度（即， 相对于连通性，默认模式和执行控制网络内的连通性强度 网络之间）。该项目的目的是：1）检查时间依赖性与 大脑网络动力学的变化和随后的吸烟失效风险; 2）检查 大脑网络动力学的时间依赖性变化与导致吸烟的自我报告影响之间的关系 失误; 3）检查失误前大脑网络动态与 吸烟后的强化。该研究的另一个探索性目的是评估潜在的 大脑网络动力学和失误相关结果之间的关联的调节者。拟议 这项研究利用了一种创新的实验性功能磁共振成像方法，以真实的时间研究大脑皮层的神经基础。 不连续的吸烟间歇期成功完成拟议的研究将推进理论 了解吸烟失误的神经和心理前因。结果也将有 提高旨在预防吸烟失误的策略的有效性的影响。

Project Summary Most attempts to quit smoking end in relapse, or a return to regular smoking. One of the biggest threats to cessation is a lapse (i.e., any cigarette use during a quit attempt). Thus, characterizing why lapses occur is essential to understanding and preventing smoking relapse. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising method for characterizing the psychological processes that lead to smoking lapses because it provides a way to measures patterns of brain activity thought to reflect relevant mental processes as they change over time. However, methodological issues have hindered the ability to capitalize on this potential and prevented an understanding of how brain activity and corresponding psychological processes unfold in the critical moments that immediately precede a smoking lapse. The proposed project will address this knowledge gap using a novel fMRI paradigm adapted from a well-validated behavioral lapse task. This novel fMRI paradigm includes an in-scanner delay period that models the ability to resist smoking during acute nicotine abstinence and a post-scan ad-lib period that captures key aspects of the smoking behavior that follows. Adults who smoke will abstain from cigarettes for 12 hours before completing the fMRI lapse paradigm. The goals of the project are to characterize changes in brain activity that lead up to a lapse and to investigate how these changes are related to concurrent affect and subsequent cigarette use. The study will focus specifically on linking lapse-related outcomes to time-dependent interactions between two large-scale brain networks: the executive control network, which includes parts of the lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices, and the default mode network, which includes parts of the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices. The central hypothesis guiding the proposed research is that lapse-related behavior and affect will be predicted by the extent to which the default mode network and the executive control network are functionally segregated (i.e., the strength of the connectivity within the default mode and executive control networks, relative to connectivity between the networks). The aims of the project are: 1) To examine the association between time-dependent changes in brain network dynamics and subsequent risk of smoking lapse; 2) To examine the association between time-dependent changes in brain network dynamics and self-reported affect leading up to a smoking lapse; and 3) To examine the association between brain network dynamics directly before a lapse and reinforcement from the smoking that follows. An additional exploratory aim of the study is to evaluate potential moderators of the association between brain network dynamics and lapse-related outcomes. The proposed study capitalizes on an innovative experimental fMRI approach to study in real time the neural underpinnings of discrete smoking lapse episodes. Successful completion of the proposed research will advance theoretical knowledge regarding the neural and psychological antecedents of smoking lapses. Results will also have implications for improving the effectiveness of strategies designed to prevent smoking lapses.