Mechanisms of CD40/CD40L in vascular injury and repair

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是更好地了解血管损伤和修复的炎症机制，并开发新的治疗策略来治疗血管疾病患者。大量证据表明，CD 40-CD 40配体（CD 40 L）途径在免疫和炎症反应中发挥着关键作用。循环中CD 40 L水平升高与高胆固醇血症、糖尿病、急性冠状动脉综合征和再狭窄概率增加相关。到目前为止，还没有直接的实验证据说明CD 40 L通路是否以及如何促进血管损伤和修复过程。我们的初步研究结果表明，在致动脉粥样硬化背景下，CD 40 L阻断对动物的血管损伤反应具有多种有益作用，这与非致动脉粥样硬化小鼠损伤模型中的有限证据相反。基于我们的初步数据，该建议的总体假设是，循环CD 40 L（可溶性CD 40 L和血小板相关CD 40 L）升高，并有助于促炎反应和血管损伤后在致动脉粥样硬化环境中的新生内膜形成。为了验证我们的假设并实现我们的长期目标，我们将在以下三个特定目标中采用遗传学，药理学和生物化学方法在表征良好的细胞和动物模型中进行研究。目的1将在非致动脉粥样硬化环境中，在apoE-/-CD 40 L-/-小鼠和apoE-/-CD 40 L +/+小鼠中与CD 40 L缺陷小鼠中，确定CD 40 L在动脉损伤（颈动脉钢丝和FeCl 3损伤）后炎症和新生内膜形成中的作用。骨髓来源的细胞和血管壁细胞的CD 40 L表达的相对贡献将通过骨髓移植产生嵌合动物来确定。目的2将确定可溶性CD 40 L和血小板相关CD 40 L在致动脉粥样硬化环境中对血管损伤的炎症和血栓形成反应中的作用。我们将检测apoE-/-CD 40 L-/-小鼠和apoE-/-CD 40 L +/+小鼠的血小板-白细胞活化和相互作用以及组织因子（TF）表达，然后确定静脉内重组sCD 40 L或含CD 40 L的血小板对小鼠动脉损伤部位血小板-白细胞白细胞募集和TF表达的影响。目的3建立CD 40（CD 40 L的受体）在体外中性粒细胞活化和炎症功能中的作用，以及在体内血管损伤的炎症和血栓反应中的作用。我们将使用CD 40表达和CD 40缺乏的中性粒细胞，确定CD 40是否是体外CD 40 L介导的对中性粒细胞的作用所必需的，然后确定CD 40缺乏（CD 40-/-和apoE-/-CD 40-/-）小鼠动脉损伤后CD 40在白细胞募集和新生内膜形成中的作用。此外，我们将确定是否需要CD 40的CD 40 L介导的TF在体内诱导。这些研究的结果将提供机制的洞察CD 40/CD 40 L信号在血管反应损伤的动脉粥样硬化背景下的作用，并可能提供有价值的信息，为开发新的治疗策略，以预防和治疗血管疾病的人。项目叙述：临床再狭窄，定义为血管的初始管腔尺寸损失50%，仍然是冠状动脉成形术和支架置入术后患者的主要临床问题。本项目旨在利用建立良好的血管损伤和修复小鼠模型更好地了解再狭窄的机制。所获得的结果将提供新的见解再狭窄的机制，并承诺提供有价值的信息，为开发新的治疗策略，以预防和治疗血管疾病的人。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to better understand inflammatory mechanisms of vascular injury and repair and to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat patients with vascular diseases. Abundant evidence indicates that the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway plays a pivotal role in immune and inflammatory responses. Elevated levels of CD40L in the circulation have been associated with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, acute coronary syndromes, and an increased probability of restenosis. To date there is no direct experimental evidence addressing if and how the CD40L pathway contributes to vascular injury and repair process. The results of our preliminary studies indicate multiple beneficial effects of CD40L blockade on the vascular injury response in animals on an atherogenic background, which is contrary to the limited evidence in a non-atherogenic mouse injury model. Based on our preliminary data, the overall hypothesis of this proposal is that circulating CD40L (both soluble CD40L and platelet-associated CD40L) is elevated and contributes to proinflammatory responses and neointimal formation after vascular injury in an atherogenic environment. To test our hypothesis and achieve our long-term goal, we will employ genetic, pharmacologic, and biochemical approaches in well-characterized cellular and animal models in the following three Specific Aims. Aim 1 will establish the role of CD40L in inflammation and neointima formation after arterial injury (carotid wire and FeCl3 injury) in apoE-/-CD40L-/- mice and apoE-/-CD40L+/+ mice vs in mice deficient in CD40L in a non-atherogenic environment. The relative contribution of CD40L expression by bone- marrow derived cells and vascular wall cells will be determined by creation of chimeric animals by bone marrow transplantation. Aim 2 will establish the contribution of soluble CD40L and platelet-associated CD40L in the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to vascular injury in an atherogenic milieu. We will examine platelet-leukocyte activation and interactions as well as tissue factor (TF) expression in apoE-/-CD40L-/- mice and apoE-/-CD40L+/+ mice, and then determine effects of intravenous reconstitution with recombinant sCD40L or CD40L-containing platelets in the mice on platelet-leukocyte leukocyte recruitment and TF expression at sites of arterial injury. Aim 3 will establish the role of CD40 (the receptor for CD40L) in neutrophil activation and inflammatory functions in vitro, and in the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to vascular injury in vivo. We will determine if CD40 is required for CD40L-mediated effects on neutrophils in vitro using CD40- expressing and CD40-deficient neutrophils, and then determine the role of CD40 in leukocyte recruitment and neointima formation after arterial injury in CD40-deficient (CD40-/- and apoE-/-CD40-/-) mice. In addition, we will determine if CD40 is required for CD40L-mediated TF induction in vivo. The results of these studies will provide mechanistic insight into the role of CD40/CD40L signaling in the vascular response to injury on an atherogenic background and may provide valuable information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat vascular disease in humans. Project Narrative: Clinical restenosis, defined as e 50% loss of the initial lumen size of vessels, remains a major clinical problem in patients after coronary angioplasty and stent placement. This project is designed to better understand the mechanisms of restenosis using the well established mouse model of vascular injury and repair. The results obtained will provide novel insights into the mechanisms of restenosis and promise to provide valuable information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat vascular disease in humans.