Examining Neighborhood Profiles Defined by Place-Based Community Features and their Relationships with Firearm Violence Disparities

项目摘要 与美国黑人相比，美国黑人遭受与袭击有关的枪伤的可能性高出六倍以上 美国白人。因此，虽然每隔两天就有一名美国白人因枪击入院， 每隔9小时就有一名美国黑人入场。住宅隔离、空置和废弃的物业， 社区可步行和绿地通道是城市以场所为基础的主要社区特征 导致美国黑人枪支暴力暴露增加的环境。然而，现有的研究 一直依赖基于回归的统计技术，专注于独立、以变量为中心 这些特征与枪支暴力的关系。迫切需要一个全面的 使用以位置为中心的技术来检查这些基于位置的要素的联合影响。这样的一个 技术将揭示这些基于地点的社区要素如何相互作用以创建 让美国黑人暴露在枪支暴力之下。拟议的项目将利用潜在轮廓分析--a 以位置为中心的潜在变量分类技术-使用N上的现有数据来填补这一知识空白 =纽约州锡拉丘兹市1644个人口普查街区。数据将从几个来源获得 包括美国十年一次的人口普查(居民区隔离，社区可步行)，锡拉丘兹市 (空置和废弃的财产、绿地通道)、纽约市中心犯罪分析中心(枪支 死亡)和纽约州立大学北部医疗中心(非致命枪伤)。这些数据 将在人口普查区块层面联系起来，以完成以下目标：1)评估如何居住 隔离、空置和废弃的物业、社区可步行性以及绿地通道结合在一起 形成不同的邻里配置文件；2)确定不同的邻里配置文件如何表征 这些以地点为基础的社区特征的独特组合显示了不同程度的枪支暴力 (枪击死亡和非致命枪伤)。总的来说，这些目标将把我们的总体目标推进到 进一步精准的公共卫生努力，更有效地减少美国黑人的枪支暴力接触。 实现这一点的方法是，制定适合当地情况的政策和预防战略-- 基于定义那些具有最大枪支暴力暴露风险的社区的特征。该项目的 关注社会文化和物理环境对美国黑人枪支暴力的影响 曝光将其嵌入到NIMHD的研究框架中，并直接满足了NIMHD对 了解健康差距人群中暴力的前因(非-MD-18-006)。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Black Americans are over six times more likely to experience an assault-related firearm injury compared to White Americans. Thus, while a White American is admitted to the hospital due to firearm assault every 2 days, a Black American is admitted every 9 hours. Residential segregation, vacant and abandoned properties, neighborhood walkability, and green space access represent key place-based community features of the urban environment that contribute to Black Americans’ elevated gun violence exposure. However, existing research has relied on regression-based statistical techniques focused on the independent, variable-centered relationships that these features share with firearm violence. There is a critical need for a comprehensive examination of the joint effects of these place-based features that utilizes a place-centered technique. Such a technique will reveal how these place-based community features interact to create neighborhood profiles that position Black Americans for gun violence exposure. The proposed project will utilize latent profile analysis – a place-centered, latent variable classification technique – to fill this knowledge gap using existing data on the N = 1644 populated census blocks from the City of Syracuse, NY. Data will be obtained from several sources including the US Decennial Census (residential segregation, neighborhood walkability), the City of Syracuse (vacant and abandoned properties, green space access), the Central New York Crime Analysis Center (firearm fatalities), and the State University of New York Upstate Medical Center (non-fatal firearm injuries). These data will be linked at the census block level to complete the following aims: 1) To assess how residential segregation, vacant and abandoned properties, neighborhood walkability, and green space access combine to form distinct neighborhood profiles; 2) To determine how different neighborhood profiles characterized by unique combinations of these place-based community features display different levels of firearm violence (firearm fatalities and non-fatal firearm injuries). Collectively, these aims will advance our overall objective to further precision public health efforts that more effectively reduce Black Americans’ firearm violence exposure. This will be achieved by informing policy and prevention strategies that are tailored to the pattern of place- based features defining those neighborhoods that confer the greatest gun violence exposure risk. The project’s focus on the influences of the sociocultural and physical environment on Black Americans’ firearm violence exposure embeds it within NIMHD’s research framework and directly addresses NIMHD’s interest in understanding the antecedents of violence in health disparity populations (NOT-MD-18-006).