Examining Neighborhood Profiles Defined by Place-Based Community Features and their Relationships with Firearm Violence Disparities

检查由基于地点的社区特征定义的社区概况及其与枪支暴力差异的关系

• 批准号: 10790311
• 负责人: Bryce J Hruska
• 金额: $ 12.69万
• 依托单位: SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-25 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10790311
• 关键词: Address; Admission activity; Area; Black American; Censuses; Cities; Classification; Communities; Country; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Dimensions; Disparity; Feeling; Firearms; Fostering; Fright; Future; Goals; Green space; Gun injury; Health; Hospitals; Hour; Joints; Knowledge; Link; Medical center; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Neighborhoods; New York; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Physical environment; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention strategy; Property; Public Health; Research; Risk; Source; Techniques; Translating; United States; Universities; Violence; assault; caucasian American; experience; gun violence; health disparity populations; innovation; insight; interest; large scale data; neighborhood safety; novel strategies; residential segregation; social culture; statistics; success; urban setting; violence exposure; walkability

PROJECT ABSTRACT Black Americans are over six times more likely to experience an assault-related firearm injury compared to White Americans. Thus, while a White American is admitted to the hospital due to firearm assault every 2 days, a Black American is admitted every 9 hours. Residential segregation, vacant and abandoned properties, neighborhood walkability, and green space access represent key place-based community features of the urban environment that contribute to Black Americans’ elevated gun violence exposure. However, existing research has relied on regression-based statistical techniques focused on the independent, variable-centered relationships that these features share with firearm violence. There is a critical need for a comprehensive examination of the joint effects of these place-based features that utilizes a place-centered technique. Such a technique will reveal how these place-based community features interact to create neighborhood profiles that position Black Americans for gun violence exposure. The proposed project will utilize latent profile analysis – a place-centered, latent variable classification technique – to fill this knowledge gap using existing data on the N = 1644 populated census blocks from the City of Syracuse, NY. Data will be obtained from several sources including the US Decennial Census (residential segregation, neighborhood walkability), the City of Syracuse (vacant and abandoned properties, green space access), the Central New York Crime Analysis Center (firearm fatalities), and the State University of New York Upstate Medical Center (non-fatal firearm injuries). These data will be linked at the census block level to complete the following aims: 1) To assess how residential segregation, vacant and abandoned properties, neighborhood walkability, and green space access combine to form distinct neighborhood profiles; 2) To determine how different neighborhood profiles characterized by unique combinations of these place-based community features display different levels of firearm violence (firearm fatalities and non-fatal firearm injuries). Collectively, these aims will advance our overall objective to further precision public health efforts that more effectively reduce Black Americans’ firearm violence exposure. This will be achieved by informing policy and prevention strategies that are tailored to the pattern of place- based features defining those neighborhoods that confer the greatest gun violence exposure risk. The project’s focus on the influences of the sociocultural and physical environment on Black Americans’ firearm violence exposure embeds it within NIMHD’s research framework and directly addresses NIMHD’s interest in understanding the antecedents of violence in health disparity populations (NOT-MD-18-006).

项目摘要 与美国黑人相比，美国黑人遭受袭击相关枪伤的可能性高出六倍以上 美国白人。因此，虽然每两天就有一名美国白人因枪支袭击而入院， 每 9 小时就有一名美国黑人入场。住宅隔离、空置和废弃的房产， 邻里步行性和绿地通达性代表了城市基于场所的关键社区特征 导致美国黑人枪支暴力暴露率上升的环境。然而，现有研究 依赖于基于回归的统计技术，重点关注独立的、以变量为中心的 这些特征与枪支暴力有着共同的关系。迫切需要一个全面的 利用以地点为中心的技术检查这些基于地点的特征的联合效应。这样一个 技术将揭示这些基于地点的社区特征如何相互作用以创建邻里档案 对美国黑人枪支暴力曝光的立场。拟议的项目将利用潜在的概况分析—— 以地点为中心的潜变量分类技术——使用 N 上的现有数据来填补这一知识空白 = 纽约州锡拉丘兹市的 1644 个人口普查街区。数据将从多个来源获得 包括美国十年一次的人口普查（居住隔离、社区步行能力）、锡拉丘兹市 （空置和废弃的房产、绿地通道）、纽约中央犯罪分析中心（枪支 死亡）和纽约州立大学北部医学中心（非致命枪伤）。这些数据 将在人口普查区层面进行链接，以完成以下目标： 1) 评估住宅区的情况 隔离、空置和废弃的房产、社区步行性和绿地通行权相结合， 形成独特的邻里形象； 2) 确定不同邻域概况的特征 这些基于地方的社区特征的独特组合显示了不同程度的枪支暴力 （枪支死亡和非致命枪支伤害）。总的来说，这些目标将推动我们的总体目标 进一步精准的公共卫生工作，更有效地减少美国黑人的枪支暴力暴露。 这将通过根据地方模式制定政策和预防战略来实现。 基于定义那些具有最大枪支暴力暴露风险的社区的特征。该项目的 关注社会文化和自然环境对美国黑人枪支暴力的影响 暴露将其嵌入 NIMHD 的研究框架中，并直接满足 NIMHD 的兴趣 了解健康差异人群中暴力的前因（NOT-MD-18-006）。