Examining Racial and Spatial Disparities in Harmful News Media Reporting on Community Firearm Violence

工程 摘要 ______________________________________________________________________ 社区枪支暴力(CFV)，定义为因人际关系而导致的致命和非致命枪击事件 暴力，不成比例地影响结构上被边缘化的种族群体的人，并发生 主要是在种族主义政策导致系统性撤资的社区。新闻媒体玩法 在塑造公众和政策制定者如何理解和应对健康威胁方面发挥关键作用，包括 枪支暴力。媒体通常通过插曲的犯罪报道来呈现CFV，专注于单一的枪击事件 这将暴力描述为一种“犯罪”问题，这会导致观众指责受害者，强化种族主义刻板印象， 并破坏公共卫生应对措施。我们对枪伤患者的初步研究发现， 对他们枪击事件的犯罪叙述对他们来说是非人化的，增加了他们的创伤。尽管出现了 研究表明，关于CFV的有害报道是对公众健康的威胁，可能会进一步边缘化 受影响的人和社区，没有关于CFV有害报告的共识定义，没有工具 衡量关于CFV的有害报告，目前还没有关于有害的种族和空间差异的研究 CFV报道。发现这些差异很重要，因为如果存在这些差异，则会修改介质 限制有害报道的方法是减轻结构性种族主义、最大限度地减少差异的潜在目标 对于CFV的发病率，以及对CFV的预防。以往自杀报告的经验表明，当证据- 基于新闻准则的实施，它们可以减少有害报道，防止自杀，并有 对公众健康产生积极影响。拟议的研究将缩小现有的科学知识差距， 通过以下方式提供证据，为制定关于CFV报道的新闻准则提供信息 具体目标：(1)界定关于CFV的有害报道。我们将确定可能有害的媒体方法 使用Delphi技术在与合作伙伴合作的利益相关者之间达成共识，地址为 一个以社区为基础的组织。(2)开发和试行一种新的测量CFV有害报告的仪器。 我们将通过迭代来衡量目标1中确定的有害报告要素的频率和严重性 费城电视台(TV)新闻报道现有数据集的码本开发和内容分析 CFV。(3)评估CFV有害报告中的种族和空间差异。我们将审查协会 在枪击受害者人口统计、枪击地点特征和有害举报措施之间的关系。 我们假设电视新闻报道的枪伤的年轻黑人男子在人口普查小组中被枪杀 与其他枪伤报告相比，更多的弱势居民将包含更多的有害元素 人和地方。与NIMHD的战略目标一致，这项研究将首先界定和 衡量关于CFV的有害报告的差异。我们将为未来的R01多城市奠定基础 研究有害报告与CFV发病率之间的直接联系，并开发和 测试媒体方法，最大限度地减少报道中的差异，并支持公共卫生对CFV的反应。

PROJECT SUMMARY ______________________________________________________________________ Community firearm violence (CFV), defined as fatal and non-fatal shootings that result from interpersonal violence, disproportionately impacts people from structurally marginalized racial groups and occurs predominantly in communities where racist policies have resulted in systemic disinvestment. News media play a crucial role in shaping how the public and policy makers understand and respond to health threats, including firearm violence. Media typically present CFV through episodic crime reports, focused on single shooting events that depict violence as a “crime” issue, which can lead audiences to blame victims, reinforce racist stereotypes, and undermine public health responses. Our preliminary study with firearm-injured people identified that episodic crime narratives of their shootings felt dehumanizing to them and added to their trauma. Despite emerging research indicating that harmful reporting on CFV is a threat to public health that may further marginalize impacted people and communities, there is no consensus definition of harmful reporting on CFV, no instruments to measure harmful reporting on CFV, and no existing research on racial and spatial disparities in harmful reporting on CFV. These disparities are important to uncover, because if present, then modifying media approaches to limit harmful reporting is a potential target for mitigating structural racism, minimizing disparities in CFV incidence, and for CFV prevention. Past experience with suicide reporting indicates that when evidence- based journalistic guidelines are implemented, they can reduce harmful reporting, prevent suicide, and have a positive impact on public health. The proposed research will reduce existing gaps in scientific knowledge and contribute evidence to inform development of journalistic guidelines for reporting on CFV through the following specific aims: (1) Define harmful reporting on CFV. We will identify media approaches that are potentially harmful using the Delphi technique to achieve consensus among stakeholders identified in collaboration with partners at a community-based organization. (2) Develop and pilot a novel instrument to measure harmful reporting on CFV. We will measure the frequency and severity of harmful reporting elements identified in Aim 1 through iterative codebook development and content analysis of an existing dataset of Philadelphia television (TV) news coverage of CFV. (3) Evaluate racial and spatial disparities in harmful reporting on CFV. We will examine associations between shooting victim demographics, shooting location characteristics, and measures of harmful reporting. We hypothesize that TV news reports of firearm-injured young Black men who are shot in census block groups with more disadvantaged residents will contain more harmful elements than reports of other firearm-injured people and places. Consistent with the strategic goals of the NIMHD, this study will be the first to define and measure disparities in harmful reporting on CFV. We will establish the groundwork for a future R01 multi-city study to examine direct associations between harmful reporting and the incidence of CFV and to develop and test media approaches that minimize disparities in reporting and support public health responses to CFV.