Disentangling hippocampal and cortical contributions to episodic memory

解开海马和皮质对情景记忆的贡献

• 批准号: 10788861
• 负责人: Alexa Tompary
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: DREXEL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10788861
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Anterior; Award; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Brain; Categories; Clinical; Cognitive; Computer Models; Conceptions; Diffuse; Episodic memory; Event; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Hippocampus; Image; Impairment; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Link; Location; Measures; Memory; Memory impairment; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Nature; Neural Network Simulation; Outcome; Participant; Pathology; Patients; Protocols documentation; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Retrieval; Role; Scanning; Science; Semantics; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Test Result; Testing; Time; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Variant; Work; diagnostic tool; experience; experimental study; improved; individual variation; innovation; insight; knowledge integration; memory consolidation; neural; neural network; neuroimaging; noninvasive brain stimulation; novel; novel strategies; predictive modeling; predictive test; reconstruction; rehabilitation strategy; semantic processing; spatial memory; stroke patient; theories; therapy development

Project Summary This application describes a 5-year plan to investigate the neural dynamics that underpin distortion in memory, integrating computational modeling approaches with functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (TMS). The candidate, a cognitive neuroscientist with a background in memory consolidation and experience in fMRI and TMS methods, seeks new training in computational modeling and model-based fMRI analysis under the mentorship of Dr. Anna Schapiro and Dr. Sharon Thompson-Schill. The training will take place in the first 2 years of the proposal (Aim 1), after which the candidate will complete Aims 2 and 3 as an independent researcher. The proposed experiments aim to fill a critical gap in our understanding of memory distortions by examining them as a function of multiple sources of information: memory for the specific details of the event, supported by the hippocampus, and influence by more general prior knowledge, supported by cortical regions. A predominant model predicts that different versions of the same memory are stored in the hippocampus and cortex: a detailed version, and a general, gist-like version, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these traces coordinate or compete in supporting memory and whether such interactions are shaped by cognitive and neural constraints. The proposed experiments make use of a recently developed spatial memory task in which the locations of animals and objects are organized by their category membership. Critically, retrieval can be separated into two components: memory for the image's location (magnitude of error) and the influence of category knowledge (bias towards images from the same category). Anticipating that these two measures will be supported by the hippocampus and cortex, respectively, the candidate will investigate how their dynamic interplay gives rise to distortions by developing a neural network model with hippocampal and cortical aspects. Aim 1 addresses the hypothesis that there is naturally occurring variation in whether the hippocampus and cortex cooperate or compete in supporting episodic memories, using fMRI to test predictions made by the model. Aim 2 introduces a causal manipulation (TMS) to test whether constraints to the memory system drive the hippocampus and cortex to compete to encode new memories. Cortical disruption during encoding is predicted to boost hippocampal function, leading to more accurate memory. Aim 3 will investigate whether known consolidation mechanisms (i.e. memory replay) competitively prioritize the retention of hippocampal and cortical memory traces. A novel behavioral manipulation is developed to shift replay to prioritize either specific or general components of a memory, and this will be used assess its functional relevance. Completion of these aims will reveal novel insights into the hippocampal- cortical interactions that give rise to distortions in memory. Understanding these interactions will shed light on how their dysfunction leads to pathology and has the potential to aid clinical researchers in the development of treatments for patients suffering from subtle impairments in memory, such as stroke patients.

项目概要 该应用程序描述了一项五年计划，旨在研究支撑记忆扭曲的神经动力学， 将计算建模方法与功能神经成像 (fMRI) 和非侵入性大脑相结合 刺激技术（TMS）。候选人是一位具有记忆背景的认知神经科学家 巩固 fMRI 和 TMS 方法方面的经验，寻求计算建模和 在 Anna Schapiro 博士和 Sharon Thompson-Schill 博士的指导下进行基于模型的功能磁共振成像分析。这 培训将在提案的前 2 年进行（目标 1），之后候选人将完成目标 2和3作为独立研究员。拟议的实验旨在填补我们理解中的一个关键空白 通过将记忆扭曲作为多个信息源的函数来检查它们：记忆扭曲 事件的具体细节，受到海马体的支持，以及更一般的先验知识的影响， 由皮质区域支持。一个主要模型预测同一记忆的不同版本是 存储在海马体和皮质中：分别是详细版本和一般、要点状版本。 然而，目前尚不清楚这些痕迹在支持记忆方面是协调还是竞争，以及这种情况是否存在。 相互作用是由认知和神经约束决定的。所提出的实验利用了最近的 开发了空间记忆任务，其中动物和物体的位置按其类别进行组织 会员资格。至关重要的是，检索可以分为两个部分：图像位置的记忆 （误差大小）和类别知识的影响（对同一类别图像的偏差）。 预计这两项措施将分别得到海马体和皮质的支持， 候选人将通过开发神经网络来研究它们的动态相互作用如何引起扭曲 具有海马和皮质方面的模型。目标 1 提出了自然发生的假设 海马体和皮层在支持情景记忆方面是合作还是竞争的变化，使用 fMRI 用于测试模型做出的预测。目标 2 引入因果操作 (TMS) 来测试是否 记忆系统的限制驱使海马体和皮层竞争编码新的记忆。 编码过程中皮质的破坏预计会增强海马功能，从而导致更准确的 记忆。目标 3 将研究已知的巩固机制（即记忆重放）是否具有竞争性 优先考虑海马和皮质记忆痕迹的保留。一种新颖的行为操纵是 开发用于转移重放以优先考虑存储器的特定或一般组件，这将被使用 评估其功能相关性。完成这些目标将揭示对海马体的新见解 皮质相互作用会导致记忆扭曲。了解这些相互作用将有助于阐明 它们的功能障碍如何导致病理学，并有可能帮助临床研究人员开发 针对患有轻微记忆障碍的患者（例如中风患者）的治疗。