Artificial Glycosidase with Controlled Selectivity

具有可控选择性的人工糖苷酶 摘要 碳水化合物是地球上最丰富的生物分子， 许多生物过程和所有主要的人类疾病。然而，糖科学， 落后于基因组学和蛋白质组学，由于极端的复杂性，动态结构 生物系统中发现的聚糖的多样性和微观异质性。另一个原因， 根据2012年NRC报告“转化糖科学”，缺乏合适的 检测、描述和完全纯化聚糖的工具和方法. 它们的化学组成和结构。 碳水化合物和肽的分子识别由来已久 生物有机和超分子化学的挑战，由于这些的重要性， 生物学中的分子PI的团队已经开发出蛋白质大小的分子印迹 纳米颗粒（MINPs）结合广泛的生物学上感兴趣的客人，包括 碳水化合物和肽。它们在不到2天的时间内制备和纯化，没有任何特殊的 技术，一旦模板、功能单体和交联表面活性剂被 available.基于MINP的“合成凝集素”显示出识别广泛的单- 和寡糖在水中具有数十微摩尔的结合亲和力。寡糖 基于它们的结构单元、糖苷键和链长来区分。 该提案的总体目标是开发合成的糖苷酶， 选择性在它们的天然对应物中不可用。所提出的催化剂含有 具有精确安装的催化基团的底物特异性活性位点，用于最佳催化。 在传统的受体和超分子催化剂的合成中， 仅仅为了有一个装订口袋就需要努力。对口袋进行微调， 复杂的生物分子几乎是不可能的胶束印迹技术用于 另一方面，MINP制备可以快速构建多功能化的，复杂的- 从简单的积木中塑造活性位点。要证明的原则不是 仅限于聚糖水解，并有望在设计中开辟许多可能性 和模拟酶催化剂的合成。

Artificial Glycosidase with Controlled Selectivity Abstract Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on the earth, and involved in numerous biological processes and all major human diseases. Glycoscience, nonetheless, lags behind genomics and proteomics, due to the extreme complexity, dynamic structural diversity, and micro-heterogeneity of glycans found in biological systems. Another reason, according to the 2012 NRC report “Transforming Glycoscience”, was the lack of suitable tools and methods “to detect, describe, and fully purify glycans…and then to characterize their chemical composition and structure. Molecular recognition of carbohydrates and peptides has been long-standing challenges in bioorganic and supramolecular chemistry, due to the importance of these molecules in biology. The PI’s group has developed protein-sized molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MINPs) to bind a wide range of biologically interesting guests including carbohydrates and peptides. They are prepared and purified in < 2 days without any special techniques, once the template, functional monomers, and cross-linkable surfactants are available. MINP-based “synthetic lectins” were shown to recognize a wide range of mono- and oligosaccharides in water with tens of micromolar binding affinities. Oligosaccharides were distinguished based on their building blocks, glycosidic linkages, and chain length. The overall objective of this proposal is to develop synthetic glycosidases with selectivities unavailable in their natural counterparts. The proposed catalysts contain substrate-specific active sites with precisely installed catalytic groups for optimal catalysis. In the traditional synthesis of receptors and supramolecular catalysts, tremendous synthetic efforts are needed just to have a binding pocket. Fine tuning of the pocket for specific and complex biomolecules is nearly impossible. The micellar imprinting technology used in the MINP preparation, on the other hand, can quickly construct multifunctionalized, complex- shaped active sites from simple building blocks. The principles to be demonstrated are not limited to glycan hydrolysis and are expected to open up many possibilities in the design and synthesis of enzyme-mimicking catalysts.