Heterogeneity in joint real-time and developmental influences of positive and negative social media experiences on socioemotional vulnerability and psychopathology across adolescence

项目总结。 青春期是精神病态的高度脆弱期，也是对同龄人社会环境敏感的时期。 由于越来越多地使用在线平台，社交媒体已被确定为 青少年心理健康问题显著上升。然而，我们目前的理解受到方法的限制。 没有完全意识到社交媒体和精神病理学之间的联系是双向的，受 在线内容的积极或消极性质，并在短期和长期时间框架内运作。这 联想会随着发展而变化，并且随着个人和时间的变化而高度可变。了解 在群体层面的社交媒体影响研究中，导致结果不同的潜在因素 关于青年发展的政策对个人一级的预防和干预至关重要。 我们的项目提出了概念和方法上的改进，以捕捉社会和社会之间的互动 媒体和新兴精神病理学在不同的人和时间尺度上。第一，因人而异 研究使得能够在独特的个体中识别异质性，双向动态通常 被估计平均的、组级别的影响所需的汇集所掩盖。第二，生态瞬间 评估捕捉持续社交媒体曝光的实时动态，是测试 小影响的累积效应。第三，考虑到青春期同伴交往的转变，以及 他们对精神病理学、社会内外积极和消极的人际关系体验的贡献 媒体成为一条很有希望的调查途径。第四，纵向模型是捕获所必需的 在线社交与面对面社交对青春期发育风险的相对贡献。 我们将使用发展队列加速纵向设计，在早期招募青年样本 青春期(n=150，13-14岁)和青春期(n=150，15-16岁)。青少年将被跟踪 在四年中，完成每年30天的生态瞬间面对面和 社交媒体互动、社会情绪脆弱性和精神病理学。数据在以下方面累积 队列将在四年内为每个人提供纵向覆盖，允许进行分析 从青春期早期到青春期后期(即从13岁到19岁的观察)。我们的目标是测试(1)实时 不同个体和时间对积极/消极经历的不同敏感度，识别 易受社交媒体影响的发展窗口，(2)风险积累的途径，以及(3) 在线与面对面对发育风险的社会贡献。我们计划直接测试链接中的异构性 社交媒体使用和精神病理学之间的关系，这将提供关键的见解，而不仅仅是估计 青少年使用社交媒体的平均风险。长期目标是确定谁有最高的风险 精神病理学，在青春期，由于什么特定的社交媒体经历，以及这些 经历双向地加速或减轻社会情绪风险和精神病态。

PROJECT SUMMARY. Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to psychopathology and sensitivity to peer social contexts. Due to the increasing use of online platforms, social media has been identified as a risk factor for the significant rise in adolescent mental health issues. However, our current understanding is limited by methods that do not fully capture that the link between social media and psychopathology is bidirectional, influenced by the positive or negative nature of online content, and operates over both short and long-term timeframes. This association changes over development and is highly variable across individuals and time. Understanding the underlying factors that contribute to variations in outcomes in group-level studies of the impact of social media on youth development is crucial for prevention and intervention at the individual level. Our project proposes conceptual and methodological improvements to capture interactions between social media and emerging psychopathology at different person and time scales. First, conducting person-specific research enables the identification of heterogeneity in the unique individual, bidirectional dynamics often obscured by the pooling necessary to estimate average, group-level effects. Second, ecological momentary assessment, which captures real-time dynamics of constant social media exposure, is ideal for testing the cumulative effects of small influences. Third, given the transformation of peer interactions in adolescence, and their contributing role to psychopathology, positive and negative interpersonal experiences on and off social media emerge as a promising pathway to investigate. Fourth, longitudinal models are necessary for capturing relative contributions of online versus in-person social interactions to developmental risk during adolescence. We will use a developmental cohort-accelerated longitudinal design to recruit a sample of youth in early adolescence (n=150, 13-14 years) and middle adolescence (n=150, 15-16 years). Adolescents will be tracked across four years, completing annual 30-day bursts of ecological momentary assessment of in-person and social media interactions, socioemotional vulnerability, and psychopathology. Data accumulating across cohorts will provide longitudinal coverage for each person over the span of four years, permitting analytic leverage from early to late adolescence (i.e., observations from age 13 to age 19). We aim to test (1) real-time differential susceptibility to positive/negative experiences across individuals and time, identifying developmental windows of susceptibility to social media effects, (2) pathways for risk accumulation, and (3) online vs in-person social contributions to developmental risk. We plan to directly test heterogeneity in the links between social media use and psychopathology, which will provide critical insights beyond estimating the average risk of social media use for adolescents. The long-term goal is to identify who is at the highest risk of psychopathology, when during adolescence, due to what specific social media experiences, and how these experiences bidirectionally accelerate or mitigate socioemotional risk and psychopathology.