Effects of Urban Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors on Preadolescent Mental Health

城市化学和非化学压力源对青春期前心理健康的影响

• 批准号: 10813283
• 负责人: Laura A McGuinn
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10813283
• 关键词: 11 year old; 9 year old; Acute; Address; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Air Pollution; Animal Experimentation; Anxiety; Biological; Biological Markers; Biology; Biometry; Birth; Brain; Central Nervous System; Chemicals; Child; Child Mental Health; Childhood; Chronic; Cities; Cohort Studies; Development; Disease; Economics; Environment; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiology; Etiology; Event; Exhibits; Future; Genetic; Geography; Goals; Grant; Growth; Hair; Health; High Prevalence; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Individual; Joints; Knowledge; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longevity; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mentorship; Methods; Mexico; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Neurocognitive; Noise; Obesity; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Pathway interactions; Pediatrics; Persons; Phase; Physiology; Pituitary Gland; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Production; Psychopathology; Psychosocial Stress; Public Health; Research; Research Activity; Resources; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Salivary; Societies; Stress; Symptoms; Time; Toxic effect; Training; Training Activity; Violence; Work; age group; anxiety symptoms; career; cohort; comorbidity; depressive symptoms; developmental psychology; disability; environmental stressor; epidemiology study; executive function; fine particles; health data; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; modifiable risk; physical conditioning; postnatal; preadolescence; prevent; programs; prospective; psychiatric symptom; public health relevance; remote sensing; sex; skills; social; social epidemiology; social stress; social stressor; statistics; stressor; trend; urban area; urban setting

PROJECT SUMMARY Anxiety and depression are highly debilitating mental health disorders with origins in early life, making research in children and adolescents a critical public health need. The prevalence of both disorders in this age group has rapidly increased over the past decade, particularly in urban areas. Though the etiologies of child and adolescent mental health disorders remain poorly understood, increasing trends over mere decades point to environmental causes more than genetics. We propose that non-chemical stressors (noise, violence, negative life events, and neighborhood environment) in the urban environment play a major role and interact with environmental factors that show strong urban-rural gradients, such as air pollution. The neurocognitive toxicity of air pollution has been intensely studied in animal and epidemiologic research but its role in anxiety and depression is poorly understood, with only a few studies in adults, and even less in younger populations. Further, the mechanisms by which air pollution impacts the brain are poorly understood, although altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its role in regulating cortisol secretion is a prime candidate. This study will determine whether early life PM2.5 and non- chemical stressors impact symptoms of depression and anxiety in preadolescence/ late childhood and whether cortisol mediates and/or modifies these relationships. We will leverage resources from an established longitudinal birth cohort in Mexico City - Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stress (PROGRESS). Specifically, we will examine time-specific and cumulative PM2.5 exposure in relation to mental health outcomes in 8-11 year olds (Aim 1), the role of individual and combined urban non-chemical stressors in relation to mental health symptoms (Aim 2), and the role of hair cortisol levels on the biological pathway from PM2.5 to mental health symptoms (Aim 3). In order to more comprehensively characterize urban stressors in environmental epidemiology and assess their impacts on mental health in preadolescents, I will cross-train in child and adolescent psychopathology and enhance my skills in geospatial modeling. I will additionally train in advanced statistical mixtures and causal mediation to better characterize biological pathways from PM2.5 and stress to mental health outcomes. I will develop these skills through didactic training, independent study, and mentorship from experts in developmental psychology, pediatrics, geography, social epidemiology, and biostatistics, specifically - Drs. Rosalind Wright, Robert Wright, Itai Kloog, Daniel Klein, and Brent Coull. At the end of this training period, I will be uniquely positioned to more comprehensively examine the effectsof multiple urban stressors on mental health outcomes in future research. Further, I will use the knowledge gained and the noise model I develop in future grants, setting the stage for my long-term goal of studying the effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors in the urban environment on brain development and mental health outcomes across the life course.

项目摘要 焦虑和抑郁是早期生命中起源的高度使人衰弱的心理健康障碍，使 对儿童和青少年的研究是关键的公共卫生需求。这两种疾病的患病率 在过去的十年中，年龄组迅速增加，尤其是在城市地区。虽然病因 儿童和青少年心理健康障碍仍然了解不足，仅仅增加了趋势 几十年来，环境的原因不仅仅是遗传学。我们提出了非化学应力源（噪声， 城市环境中的暴力，负面生活事件和邻里环境）起着重要作用 并与表现出强烈的城市农村梯度（例如空气污染）的环境因素相互作用。这 在动物和流行病学研究中，对空气污染的神经认知毒性进行了深入研究，但 它在焦虑和抑郁中的作用知之甚少，成人只有少数研究，甚至更少 年轻人。此外，空气污染影响大脑的机制很差 理解，尽管下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴的功能改变了及其在 调节皮质醇分泌是主要候选人。这项研究将确定早期生命PM2.5和非 - 化学压力影响抑郁症和焦虑症的症状/儿童晚期 皮质醇是否介导和/或修改这些关系。我们将利用资源 在墨西哥城建立的纵向出生队列 - 肥胖，生长， 环境和社会压力（进步）。具体而言，我们将检查特定时间和累积的 PM2.5与8-11岁的心理健康成果有关（AIM 1），个人和个人的作用 与心理健康症状相关的城市非化学压力（AIM 2）和头发的作用 从PM2.5到心理健康症状的生物学途径上的皮质醇水平（AIM 3）。为了更多 全面地描述了环境流行病学中的城市压力源，并评估其对 我将在前核心中进行心理健康，我将在儿童和青少年心理病理学中进行交叉培训，并增强我的 地理空间建​​模的技能。我还将培训高级统计混合物和因果关系 更好地表征了从PM2.5和压力到心理健康结果的生物学途径。我会开发这些 通过教学培训，独立研究和发展专家的指导技能 心理学，儿科，地理，社会流行病学和生物统计学，特别是Drs。罗莎琳德·赖特（Rosalind Wright）， 罗伯特·赖特（Robert Wright），Itai Kloog，Daniel Klein和Brent Coull。在这个训练期结束时，我将是独特的 定位以更全面地检查多个城市压力源对心理健康的影响 未来研究的结果。此外，我将使用所获得的知识和未来发展的噪音模型 赠款，为我研究化学和非化学作用的长期目标奠定了基础 城市环境中对整个生活过程中大脑发展和心理健康成果的压力。