Effects of Urban Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors on Preadolescent Mental Health

城市化学和非化学压力源对青春期前心理健康的影响

• 批准号: 10813283
• 负责人: Laura A McGuinn
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10813283
• 关键词: 11 year old; 9 year old; Acute; Address; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Air Pollution; Animal Experimentation; Anxiety; Biological; Biological Markers; Biology; Biometry; Birth; Brain; Central Nervous System; Chemicals; Child; Child Mental Health; Childhood; Chronic; Cities; Cohort Studies; Development; Disease; Economics; Environment; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiology; Etiology; Event; Exhibits; Future; Genetic; Geography; Goals; Grant; Growth; Hair; Health; High Prevalence; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Individual; Joints; Knowledge; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longevity; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mentorship; Methods; Mexico; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Neurocognitive; Noise; Obesity; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Pathway interactions; Pediatrics; Persons; Phase; Physiology; Pituitary Gland; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Production; Psychopathology; Psychosocial Stress; Public Health; Research; Research Activity; Resources; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Salivary; Societies; Stress; Symptoms; Time; Toxic effect; Training; Training Activity; Violence; Work; age group; anxiety symptoms; career; cohort; comorbidity; depressive symptoms; developmental psychology; disability; environmental stressor; epidemiology study; executive function; fine particles; health data; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; modifiable risk; physical conditioning; postnatal; preadolescence; prevent; programs; prospective; psychiatric symptom; public health relevance; remote sensing; sex; skills; social; social epidemiology; social stress; social stressor; statistics; stressor; trend; urban area; urban setting

PROJECT SUMMARY Anxiety and depression are highly debilitating mental health disorders with origins in early life, making research in children and adolescents a critical public health need. The prevalence of both disorders in this age group has rapidly increased over the past decade, particularly in urban areas. Though the etiologies of child and adolescent mental health disorders remain poorly understood, increasing trends over mere decades point to environmental causes more than genetics. We propose that non-chemical stressors (noise, violence, negative life events, and neighborhood environment) in the urban environment play a major role and interact with environmental factors that show strong urban-rural gradients, such as air pollution. The neurocognitive toxicity of air pollution has been intensely studied in animal and epidemiologic research but its role in anxiety and depression is poorly understood, with only a few studies in adults, and even less in younger populations. Further, the mechanisms by which air pollution impacts the brain are poorly understood, although altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its role in regulating cortisol secretion is a prime candidate. This study will determine whether early life PM2.5 and non- chemical stressors impact symptoms of depression and anxiety in preadolescence/ late childhood and whether cortisol mediates and/or modifies these relationships. We will leverage resources from an established longitudinal birth cohort in Mexico City - Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stress (PROGRESS). Specifically, we will examine time-specific and cumulative PM2.5 exposure in relation to mental health outcomes in 8-11 year olds (Aim 1), the role of individual and combined urban non-chemical stressors in relation to mental health symptoms (Aim 2), and the role of hair cortisol levels on the biological pathway from PM2.5 to mental health symptoms (Aim 3). In order to more comprehensively characterize urban stressors in environmental epidemiology and assess their impacts on mental health in preadolescents, I will cross-train in child and adolescent psychopathology and enhance my skills in geospatial modeling. I will additionally train in advanced statistical mixtures and causal mediation to better characterize biological pathways from PM2.5 and stress to mental health outcomes. I will develop these skills through didactic training, independent study, and mentorship from experts in developmental psychology, pediatrics, geography, social epidemiology, and biostatistics, specifically - Drs. Rosalind Wright, Robert Wright, Itai Kloog, Daniel Klein, and Brent Coull. At the end of this training period, I will be uniquely positioned to more comprehensively examine the effectsof multiple urban stressors on mental health outcomes in future research. Further, I will use the knowledge gained and the noise model I develop in future grants, setting the stage for my long-term goal of studying the effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors in the urban environment on brain development and mental health outcomes across the life course.

项目摘要 焦虑和抑郁是高度衰弱的心理健康障碍，起源于早期生活， 儿童和青少年研究是一项关键的公共卫生需求。这两种疾病的患病率 在过去十年中，特别是在城市地区，这一年龄组的妇女人数迅速增加。虽然病因 儿童和青少年心理健康障碍仍然知之甚少， 几十年来，环境因素比遗传因素更重要。我们认为，非化学应激源（噪音， 暴力、消极生活事件和邻里环境）在城市环境中起着主要作用 并与表现出强烈城乡梯度的环境因素相互作用，如空气污染。的 空气污染的神经认知毒性已经在动物和流行病学研究中得到了深入研究， 它在焦虑和抑郁中的作用知之甚少，只有少数成人研究， 年轻的人口。此外，空气污染影响大脑的机制很差， 尽管下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的功能改变及其在 调节皮质醇分泌是一个主要的候选者。这项研究将确定是否早期生活PM2.5和非- 化学压力影响青春期前/儿童晚期的抑郁和焦虑症状， 皮质醇是否介导和/或修改这些关系。我们将利用资源， 在墨西哥城建立了纵向出生队列----肥胖、生长、 环境和社会压力（进步）。具体来说，我们将研究特定时间和累积时间 PM2.5暴露与8-11奥尔兹心理健康结果的关系（目标1），个人和 结合城市非化学压力与心理健康症状（目标2），头发的作用 皮质醇水平对从PM2.5到精神健康症状的生物途径的影响（目标3）。为了更 全面描述环境流行病学中的城市压力因素，并评估其对 在青春期前的心理健康，我将在儿童和青少年心理病理学交叉培训，并提高我的 地理空间建模技能。我还将接受高级统计混合和因果调解的培训， 更好地表征从PM2.5和压力到心理健康结果的生物学途径。我会把这些 通过教学培训、独立学习和发展方面专家的指导， 心理学，儿科学，地理学，社会流行病学和生物统计学，特别是-罗莎琳德赖特博士， 罗伯特·赖特、伊泰·克洛格、丹尼尔·克莱因和布伦特·库尔。在这次培训结束后，我将是独一无二的 定位于更全面地研究多种城市压力源对心理健康的影响 未来研究的成果。此外，我将使用所获得的知识和我在未来开发的噪声模型 赠款，为我研究化学和非化学影响的长期目标奠定了基础。 城市环境中的压力对整个生命过程中大脑发育和心理健康结果的影响。