Non-pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment for Obstetrical Hemorrhage

描述（由申请人提供）：全球孕产妇发病率和死亡率造成的疾病负担很大。妊娠和分娩相关疾病是发展中国家育龄妇女健康生命年数损失的第二大原因，每年损失近3 100万残疾调整生命年。产妇死亡和残疾的最大原因是产科出血。由于长期无法获得输血或手术等最终治疗，妇女在家中、初级卫生保健中心和前往转诊医院的途中因出血而死亡。本研究的目的是通过非气动防休克服（NASG）的急救应用，降低产妇死亡率和产科出血和低血容量性休克的严重发病率。NASG是一种可重复使用的氯丁橡胶和魔术贴下身压缩服，除了少数试点试验外，从未在发展中国家使用过。虽然在埃及进行的一项前/后试点研究表明，它可以逆转休克并减少产科病人的失血，但目前没有证据表明使用它会降低孕产妇死亡率或发病率。在循证实践的时代，资源匮乏地区的孕产妇卫生保健系统如果没有国际捐助者和卫生专家的批准，就不能采用新的程序。本研究的主要目的是通过集群随机对照设计证明，在转到转诊医院之前，在初级卫生保健一级应用NASG将减少极端不良后果，即孕产妇死亡率和严重孕产妇发病率。本项目的主要目的是测试NASG作为急救出血和休克管理的有效性：(1)降低孕产妇死亡率，(2)降低严重急性孕产妇发病率，(3)降低紧急子宫切除术的发生率，以及(4)缩短失血性休克的恢复时间。第二个目的是检查可能与使用NASG相关的负面影响，包括1)尿量减少，2)缺氧，呼吸困难，或其他形式的呼吸窘迫，3)术中出血增加，和/或4)接受NASG的妇女恶心和呕吐。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The global burden of disease from maternal morbidity and mortality is great. Pregnancy and childbirth related illnesses are the second leading cause of lost years of healthy life among women of reproductive, age in developing countries, accounting for nearly 31 million disability adjusted life years (DALYS) lost annually. The largest contributor to maternal death and disability is obstetric hemorrhage. Due to long delays in obtaining definitive therapy, such as blood transfusion or surgery, women bleed to death at home, in primary health care centers, and on the road to referral hospitals. The goal of this proposed study is to reduce maternal mortality and severe morbidities from obstetric hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock by the first-aid application of the non-pneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG). The NASG is a reusable neoprene and Velcro lower-body compression suit, which has, outside of a few pilot trials, never been used in the developing world. Although it has been shown to reverse shock and to decrease blood loss in obstetric patients in one pre/post pilot study in Egypt, there is, currently, no evidence that its use will decrease maternal mortality or morbidity. In an era of evidence-based practice, maternity health care systems in low resource settings cannot adopt new procedures without approval of international donors and health experts. The primary aim of this study is to demonstrate, using a cluster-randomized controlled design, that application of the NASG at the primary health care level before transfer to a referral hospital will decrease extreme adverse outcomes, i.e., maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. The primary aim of this project is to test the effectiveness of the NASG as first aid hemorrhage and shock management to) 1) reduce the incidence of maternal mortality, 2) reduce the incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity, 3) reduce the incidence of emergency hysterectomies, and 4) reduce the time to recovery from hemorrhagic shock. The secondary aim is to examine negative effects that might be associated with NASG use, including 1) decreased urine output, 2) hypoxia, dyspnea, or other forms of respiratory distress, 3) increased intraoperative bleeding, and/or 4) nausea and vomiting in the women who receive the NASG.