Brain function predictors and outcome of weight loss and weight loss maintenance

描述（由研究者提供）：这是R01资助的修订申请，标题为：脑功能预测因子和体重减轻的结果以及体重减轻的维持。肥胖率正在上升，并与严重的公共卫生后果和不断上升的医疗保健费用有关。进食行为受到大脑中多种过程的影响，包括稳态因素、动机和奖励过程。动机和奖励处理是人类暴饮暴食的特别重要的因素。我们最初的功能成像研究已经确定了肥胖和健康体重个体对视觉食物线索反应不同的大脑区域，并且与肥胖参与者的饥饿报告呈正相关。虽然揭示了暴饮暴食的机制，但仍然存在许多重要的问题。例如，目前尚不清楚节食后大脑激活模式是否会发生变化，或者它们在成功和不成功的节食者中的变化是否存在差异。此外，目前对有助于长期维持健康体重的生物过程知之甚少。我们将在基线状态期间和肥胖参与者完成12周基于饮食的减肥干预后，用食物动机fMRI范式扫描肥胖和健康体重参与者。肥胖的参与者将接受为期6个月的体重维持期的随访。该研究将解决三个具体目标：1。描述肥胖个体中增加的食物动机和冲动进食的大脑激活。2.确定大脑激活变化和初始体重减轻的预测因素。3.确定大脑激活预测减肥维持。这项研究的发现将对理解肥胖、减肥和体重维持的机制产生重大影响，并可能最终导致更有效的干预措施。公共卫生相关性：这项工作的结果对公众健康具有重要意义，并可能导致更好地了解大脑激活的差异与肥胖的关系。饮食干预虽然普遍有效，但并不适用于每个人，体重反弹是一个重大问题。这项研究的发现将对理解肥胖、减肥和体重维持的机制产生重大影响，并可能最终导致更有效的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): This is a revised application for an R01 grant entitled: Brain function predictors and outcome of weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Obesity rates are on the rise and associated with serious public health consequences and rising health care costs. Eating behavior is influenced by a convergence of processes in the brain, including homeostatic factors and motivational and reward processing. Motivational and reward processing are especially important contributors to overeating in humans. Our initial functional imaging studies have identified brain regions that respond differently to visual food cues in obese and healthy weight individuals, and are positively correlated with reports of hunger in obese participants. While shedding some light on mechanisms of overeating, many important questions remain. For instance, it is not yet known whether brain activation patterns change after dieting, or if they change differentially in successful and unsuccessful dieters. In addition, little is currently understood regarding biological processes that contribute to long-term maintenance of healthy weight. We will scan obese and healthy weight participants with a food motivation fMRI paradigm during a baseline state and after obese participants have completed a twelve- week diet-based weight loss intervention. Obese participants will then be followed though a 6-month weight maintenance period. The study will address three Specific Aims: 1. Characterize brain activation underlying increased food motivation and impulsive eating in obese individuals. 2. Identify brain activation changes and predictors of initial weight loss. 3. Identify brain activation predictors of weight loss maintenance. Findings from this study will have significant implications for understanding mechanisms of obesity, weight loss, and weight maintenance, and may ultimately lead to more effective interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANACE: Results of this work are highly significant to public health and could lead to a better understanding of how differences in brain activation relate to obesity. Dietary interventions, while generally effective, do not work for everyone, and weight regain is a significant problem. Findings from this study will have significant implications for understanding mechanisms of obesity, weight loss, and weight maintenance, and may ultimately lead to more effective interventions.