Brain function predictors and outcome of weight loss and weight loss maintenance

描述(由研究人员提供)：这是R01基金的修订申请，标题为：大脑功能预测和减肥和减肥维持的结果。肥胖率正在上升，并与严重的公共健康后果和不断上涨的医疗保健成本有关。进食行为受到大脑中一系列过程的影响，包括动态平衡因素以及动机和奖励过程。激励性和奖励性加工是人类暴饮暴食的重要因素。我们最初的功能成像研究发现，在肥胖和健康体重的人中，大脑区域对视觉食物提示的反应不同，并且与肥胖参与者的饥饿报告呈正相关。虽然揭示了暴饮暴食的一些机制，但许多重要的问题仍然存在。例如，目前尚不清楚节食后大脑激活模式是否会改变，或者成功节食者和不成功节食者的大脑激活模式是否会有不同的变化。此外，目前对有助于长期保持健康体重的生物过程知之甚少。我们将在基线状态期间和肥胖参与者完成为期12周的基于饮食的减肥干预之后，使用食物动机功能磁共振成像范式扫描肥胖和健康体重参与者。然后，肥胖参与者将被跟踪观察6个月的体重维持期。这项研究将解决三个具体目标：1.表征肥胖个体大脑激活导致的食物动机增加和冲动进食。2.确定大脑活动的变化和最初体重减轻的预测因素。3.找出保持减肥的大脑激活预测因素。这项研究的发现将对理解肥胖、体重减轻和体重维持的机制具有重要意义，并最终可能导致更有效的干预措施。公共卫生进展：这项工作的结果对公众健康具有非常重要的意义，并可能导致更好地理解大脑激活的差异如何与肥胖有关。饮食干预虽然通常有效，但并不是对每个人都有效，体重恢复是一个重大问题。这项研究的发现将对理解肥胖、体重减轻和体重维持的机制具有重要意义，并最终可能导致更有效的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): This is a revised application for an R01 grant entitled: Brain function predictors and outcome of weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Obesity rates are on the rise and associated with serious public health consequences and rising health care costs. Eating behavior is influenced by a convergence of processes in the brain, including homeostatic factors and motivational and reward processing. Motivational and reward processing are especially important contributors to overeating in humans. Our initial functional imaging studies have identified brain regions that respond differently to visual food cues in obese and healthy weight individuals, and are positively correlated with reports of hunger in obese participants. While shedding some light on mechanisms of overeating, many important questions remain. For instance, it is not yet known whether brain activation patterns change after dieting, or if they change differentially in successful and unsuccessful dieters. In addition, little is currently understood regarding biological processes that contribute to long-term maintenance of healthy weight. We will scan obese and healthy weight participants with a food motivation fMRI paradigm during a baseline state and after obese participants have completed a twelve- week diet-based weight loss intervention. Obese participants will then be followed though a 6-month weight maintenance period. The study will address three Specific Aims: 1. Characterize brain activation underlying increased food motivation and impulsive eating in obese individuals. 2. Identify brain activation changes and predictors of initial weight loss. 3. Identify brain activation predictors of weight loss maintenance. Findings from this study will have significant implications for understanding mechanisms of obesity, weight loss, and weight maintenance, and may ultimately lead to more effective interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANACE: Results of this work are highly significant to public health and could lead to a better understanding of how differences in brain activation relate to obesity. Dietary interventions, while generally effective, do not work for everyone, and weight regain is a significant problem. Findings from this study will have significant implications for understanding mechanisms of obesity, weight loss, and weight maintenance, and may ultimately lead to more effective interventions.